【原生态】Http请求数据 与 发送数据
今天项目组小弟居然问我怎么用java访问特定的地址获取数据和发送请求
Http请求都是通过输入输出流来进行操作的，首先要制定GET或者POST，默认是GET，在安全和数据量较大情况下请使用post
根据url建立链接，读取输入输出流，从中取得相应的返回数据，
http是无序的，在安全性极高的地方请使用https，但是https传输效率差不多只是http的1/10，所以除非特别必要，请谨慎选择
我将我以前写的微信开发代码贴一部分出来，这里就有根据地址获取请求数据和向某一个特定端口发送数据
package com.xiao.weixin.service.impl; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.HttpURLConnection; import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; import java.security.MessageDigest; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.json.JSONObject; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import com.xiao.weixin.common.jdbc.DataSource; import com.xiao.weixin.dao.WeixinApiMapper; import com.xiao.weixin.entity.AccessToken; import com.xiao.weixin.service.WeixinApiService; import com.xiao.weixin.utils.ApiUrl; import com.xiao.weixin.utils.CommonUtil; import com.xiao.weixin.utils.DateUtil; @Service(value = "weixinApiService") public class WeixinApiServiceImpl implements WeixinApiService { private Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(WeixinApiServiceImpl.class); @Value("${weixin.appID}") private String appID; @Value("${weixin.appsecret}") private String appsecret; @Value("${weixin.menu}") private String menuString; @Value("${weixin.token}") private String weixinToken; @Resource private WeixinApiMapper weixinApiMapper; @Override @DataSource public String getAccessToken() { String access_token = null; try { AccessToken token = weixinApiMapper.findToken();// 数据库查找没过期的token并返回 if (token != null) { access_token = token.getAccessToken(); } } catch (Exception e) { log.error("获取accessToken出错"); e.printStackTrace(); } log.debug("获取到的accessToken是：" + access_token); return access_token; } @Override public void refreshAccessToken() { log.debug("重新生成accessToken开始"); try { String url = ApiUrl.GET_ACCESSTOKEN.replace("APPID", appID) .replace("APPSECRET", appsecret); log.debug("重新获取token的请求地址为：" + url); URL urlGet = new URL(url); HttpURLConnection http = (HttpURLConnection) urlGet .openConnection(); http.setRequestMethod("GET"); http.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); http.setDoOutput(true); http.setDoInput(true); System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultConnectTimeout", "30000"); System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultReadTimeout", "30000"); http.connect(); InputStream is = http.getInputStream(); int size = is.available(); byte[] jsonBytes = new byte[size]; is.read(jsonBytes); String message = new String(jsonBytes, "UTF-8"); System.out.println("message:" + message); JSONObject json = new JSONObject(message); String access_token = json.getString("access_token"); Integer expiresIn = json.getInt("expires_in"); log.debug("重新生成accessToken结束 成功"); // 根据取得的accessToken 来获取jsapi_ticket String ticketUrl = ApiUrl.GET_JSAPITICKET.replace("ACCESSTOKEN", access_token); log.debug("重新获取jsapi_ticket的请求地址为：" + ticketUrl); URL ticketUrlGet = new URL(ticketUrl); HttpURLConnection tickeHttp = (HttpURLConnection) ticketUrlGet .openConnection(); tickeHttp.setRequestMethod("GET"); tickeHttp.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); tickeHttp.setDoOutput(true); tickeHttp.setDoInput(true); System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultConnectTimeout", "30000"); System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultReadTimeout", "30000"); tickeHttp.connect(); InputStream tickeIs = tickeHttp.getInputStream(); byte[] tickeJsonBytes = new byte[tickeIs.available()]; tickeIs.read(tickeJsonBytes); String tickeMessage = new String(tickeJsonBytes, "UTF-8"); System.out.println("message:" + message); JSONObject ticketJson = new JSONObject(tickeMessage); String ticket = ticketJson.getString("ticket"); AccessToken accessToken = new AccessToken(); accessToken.setAppId(appID); accessToken.setSecret(appsecret); accessToken.setAccessToken(access_token); accessToken.setJsApiTicket(ticket); accessToken.setExpireTime(DateUtil.getExpiresTime(expiresIn)); accessToken.setCreateTime(new Date()); weixinApiMapper.insertToken(accessToken);// 将新生成的token保存到数据库 } catch (Exception e) { log.error("获取accessToken出错"); e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public String createMenu() { String access_token = getAccessToken(); String url = ApiUrl.CREATE_MENU.replace("ACCESSTOKEN", access_token); log.debug("创建菜单的请求地址为：" + url); try { log.debug("menuString:" + menuString); URL urlPost = new URL(url); HttpURLConnection http = (HttpURLConnection) urlPost .openConnection(); http.setRequestMethod("POST"); http.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); http.setDoOutput(true); http.setDoInput(true); System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultConnectTimeout", "30000"); System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultReadTimeout", "30000"); http.connect(); OutputStream os = http.getOutputStream(); os.write(menuString.getBytes("UTF-8")); os.flush(); os.close(); InputStream is = http.getInputStream(); int size = is.available(); byte[] jsonBytes = new byte[size]; is.read(jsonBytes); String message = new String(jsonBytes, "UTF-8"); return message; } catch (MalformedURLException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return "-1"; } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return "-1"; } } @Override public Map<String, String> getSignature(String url) { Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>(); try { String jsapi_ticket = getJsApiTicket(); String nonceStr = "Wm3WZYTPz0wzccnW"; long timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis() / 1000; map.put("appId", appID); map.put("timestamp", timestamp + ""); map.put("nonceStr", nonceStr); String[] paramArr = new String[] { "jsapi_ticket=" + jsapi_ticket, "timestamp=" + timestamp, "noncestr=" + nonceStr, "url=" + url }; Arrays.sort(paramArr); String content = paramArr[0].concat("&" + paramArr[1]) .concat("&" + paramArr[2]).concat("&" + paramArr[3]); log.debug("拼接之后的content为:" + content); MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA-1"); byte[] digest = md.digest(content.toString().getBytes()); String gensignature = CommonUtil.byteToStr(digest); map.put("signature", gensignature); return map; } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); log.error("获取JSAPI签名信息失败,错误信息：" + e); return null; } } @Override public String getJsApiTicket() { String jsApiTicket = null; try { AccessToken token = weixinApiMapper.findToken();// 数据库查找没过期的token并返回 if (token != null) { jsApiTicket = token.getJsApiTicket(); } } catch (Exception e) { log.error("获取jsApiTicket出错"); e.printStackTrace(); } log.debug("获取到的jsApiTicket是：" + jsApiTicket); return jsApiTicket; } }
