MySql必知必会实战练习(二)数据检索

  在上篇博客MySql必知必会实战练习(一)表创建和数据添加中完成了各表的创建和数据添加,下面进行数据检索和过滤操作。

1. Select子句使用顺序

  select--->DISTINCT--->from--->where--->GROUP BY--->HAVING--->ORDER BY--->LIMIT

(1)DISTINCT

  select verd_id from products;

  使用DISTINCT检索出不同值的列表
  select DISTINCT verd_id from products;

(2)Group By

  首先看下下面3个查询语句的结果:

  select count(*) from products;
  select * from products where verd_id = 1003;
  select count(*) from products where verd_id = 1003;

(1)(2) (3)

  (1)表示products表的总项数14

  (2)列出了verd_id为1003的所有项

  (3)显示verd_id为1003的总项数7

  再看下面语句的输出结果:

  select verd_id, count(*) as num_prods from products GROUP BY verd_id;

  结果一目了然,分别对verd_id进行分组,并显示各组的总项数。

  注:如果再select中使用表达式,则必须再GROUP BY字句中指定相同的表达式,不能使用别名。

(3)HAVING

  HAVING语句主要是对分组语句进行过滤,WHERE过滤指定的是行而不是分组,事实上,WHERE没有分组的概念

  HAVING与WHERE的唯一差别就是WHERE过滤行,HAVING过滤分组

  select verd_id, count(*) as num_prods from products GROUP BY verd_id HAVING count(*)>2;

  

  select verd_id, count(*) as num_prods from products GROUP BY verd_id HAVING verd_id = 1003;

  

(4)ORDER BY

  select cust_name,cust_address,cust_zip from customers;

  

  对cust_zip排序

  select cust_name,cust_address,cust_zip from customers ORDER BY cust_zip;

  

  对多列进行排序

  select cust_name,cust_address,cust_zip from customers ORDER BY cust_address,cust_zip;

  

  指定排序方向:默认升序(ASC),为了进行降序排序,必须指定DESC关键字

  select cust_name,cust_address,cust_zip from customers ORDER BY cust_zip DESC;

  

(5)LIMIT

  LIMIT关键子对输出的行数限制,指定其实行和行数

  select cust_name,cust_address,cust_zip from customers ORDER BY cust_zip DESC LIMIT 2,4;

  

(6)综合使用

  select verd_id, count(*) as num_prods from products GROUP BY verd_id HAVING count(*) > 0 ORDER BY verd_id DESC LIMIT 1,3;

  

posted @ 2018-11-26 15:27  Fate0729  阅读(389)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报