性能测试复习准备——linux环境下安装mysql8
mysql下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
下载完成后，把软件包上传到此目录下：/soft/mysql8/
并解压缩到指定目录下：/evir/mysql8/
在bin目录下执行初始化命令： ./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/evir/mysql8/mysql8030/ --datadir=/evir/mysql8/mysql8030/data/ --initialize
但是先要创建用户组：
data目录赋予权限：chmod -R 755 /evir/mysql8/mysql8030/data/
命令： ln -s “你的MySQL根目录/bin/mysql” /usr/bin ，这一步是为了能在任何地方通过用户名和密码登录MySQL
我的本地如下： ln -s /evir/mysql8/mysql8030//bin/mysql /usr/bin
修改mysql密码：ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456sww#';
vim /etc/profile:
[mysqld]
port=3306
basedir=/evir/mysql8/mysql8030/ # MySQL根目录
datadir=/evir/mysql8/mysql8030/data/ # MySQL的data目录
socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
character-set-server=UTF8MB4
symbolic-links=0
#解决“java.sql.SQLException: Expression #1 of ORDER BY clause is not in SELECT list,references column”
sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'
参考文档：https://blog.csdn.net/studio_1/article/details/128345934
一、先前往官网下载mysql8
下载地址：
https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/
选择Linux
./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/MYSQL/mysql-8.0.31 --datadir=/usr/MYSQL/mysql-8.0.31/data --lower-case-table-names=1 --initialize
[mysqld] port=3306 basedir=/usr/MYSQL/mysql-8.0.31/ # MySQL根目录 datadir=/usr/MYSQL/mysql-8.0.31/data/ # MySQL的data目录 socket=/tmp/mysql.sock character-set-server=UTF8MB4 symbolic-links=0 #解决“java.sql.SQLException: Expression #1 of ORDER BY clause is not in SELECT list,references column” sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'
参考文档2：https://huaweicloud.csdn.net/653f72328c4ad05cd82a9e3a.html?dp_token=eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJpZCI6MTQ2NDMwLCJleHAiOjE2OTk3MDcwMjksImlhdCI6MTY5OTEwMjIyOSwidXNlcm5hbWUiOiJtMF82MTQ0MjYwNyJ9.ztpfna-epq2FT3AiuZShFNVvRAKgi5HBoEnP3A_6WdM
修改root密码
接下来修改root密码，将123456换成你的新密码
别忘了结尾有个分号“；”
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456';
然后刷新权限 使密码生效
flush privileges;
设置允许远程连接并生效
update user set host='%' where user='root';
flush privileges;
防火墙设置：
firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
查看防火墙端口开放状态
firewall-cmd --list-all
./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/evir/mysql8/mysql8030/ --datadir=/evir/mysql8/mysql8030/data/ --initialize chown -R mysql.mysql /evir/mysql8/mysql8030/ [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ bin]# groupadd mysql [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ bin]# useradd -g mysql mysql [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ bin]# chown -R mysql.mysql /evir/mysql8/mysql8030/ [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ bin]# ./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/evir/mysql8/mysql8030/ --datadir=/evir/mysql8/mysql8030/data/ --initialize 2023-11-11T07:33:09.773158Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider not using this option as it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. 2023-11-11T07:33:09.773257Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /evir/mysql8/mysql8030/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.30) initializing of server in progress as process 11409 2023-11-11T07:33:09.780954Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started. 2023-11-11T07:33:12.109123Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended. 2023-11-11T07:33:14.821697Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: y/PK2Jhi79Np [mysqld] port=3306 basedir=/evir/mysql8/mysql8030/ # MySQL根目录 datadir=/evir/mysql8/mysql8030/data/ # MySQL的data目录 socket=/tmp/mysql.sock character-set-server=UTF8MB4 symbolic-links=0 #解决“java.sql.SQLException: Expression #1 of ORDER BY clause is not in SELECT list,references column” sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION' cp -a ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql chmod -R 755 /evir/mysql8/mysql8030/data/ ln -s /evir/mysql8/mysql8030//bin/mysql /usr/bin ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456sww#'; [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ /]# cd soft/ [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ soft]# ls -alt total 16 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 11 15:00 mysql8 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 11 14:00 . dr-xr-xr-x. 21 root root 4096 Nov 11 10:04 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 11 10:02 jdk8 [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ soft]# cd mysql8/ [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8]# ls -alt total 461540 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 472601216 Nov 11 15:05 mysql-8.2.0-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 11 15:00 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 11 14:00 .. [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8]# rm -rf mysql-8.2.0-linux-glibc2.28-x86_64.tar.xz [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8]# ls -alt total 8 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 11 15:16 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 11 14:00 .. [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8]# ls -alt total 585364 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 599400444 Nov 11 15:25 mysql-8.0.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 11 15:22 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 11 14:00 .. [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8]# cd /soft/mysql8/ [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8]# ls -alt total 585364 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 599400444 Nov 11 15:25 mysql-8.0.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 11 15:22 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 11 14:00 .. [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8]# cd /evir/ [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ evir]# ls -alt total 16 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 11 15:15 mysql8 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 11 14:08 . drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 11 10:06 jdk8 dr-xr-xr-x. 21 root root 4096 Nov 11 10:04 .. [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ evir]# cd mysql8/ [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8]# ls -alt total 8 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 11 15:15 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 11 14:08 .. [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8]# cd /soft/mysql8/ [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8]# ls -alt total 585364 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 599400444 Nov 11 15:25 mysql-8.0.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 11 15:22 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 11 14:00 .. [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8]# tar -vxf mysql-8.0.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz /evir/mysql8/ ^C [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8]# tar -vxf mysql-8.0.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz -C /evir/mysql8/ 解压…… [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8]# cd /evir/mysql8/ [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8]# ls -alt total 12 drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Nov 11 15:28 mysql-8.0.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 11 15:27 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 11 14:08 .. [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8]# mv mysql-8.0.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql8030 [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8]# ls -alt total 12 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 11 15:28 . drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Nov 11 15:28 mysql8030 drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 11 14:08 .. [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8]# cd mysql8030/ [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8030]# ls -alt total 324 drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 11 15:28 .. drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 4096 Nov 11 15:28 . drwxr-xr-x 2 7161 31415 4096 Jul 7 2022 bin drwxr-xr-x 6 7161 31415 4096 Jul 7 2022 lib drwxr-xr-x 28 7161 31415 4096 Jul 7 2022 share drwxr-xr-x 2 7161 31415 4096 Jul 7 2022 support-files drwxr-xr-x 2 7161 31415 4096 Jul 7 2022 docs drwxr-xr-x 3 7161 31415 4096 Jul 7 2022 include drwxr-xr-x 4 7161 31415 4096 Jul 7 2022 man -rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 287624 Jul 7 2022 LICENSE -rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 666 Jul 7 2022 README [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8030]# mkdir data [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8030]# ls -alt total 328 drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 Nov 11 15:28 . drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Nov 11 15:28 data drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Nov 11 15:28 .. drwxr-xr-x 2 7161 31415 4096 Jul 7 2022 bin drwxr-xr-x 6 7161 31415 4096 Jul 7 2022 lib drwxr-xr-x 28 7161 31415 4096 Jul 7 2022 share drwxr-xr-x 2 7161 31415 4096 Jul 7 2022 support-files drwxr-xr-x 2 7161 31415 4096 Jul 7 2022 docs drwxr-xr-x 3 7161 31415 4096 Jul 7 2022 include drwxr-xr-x 4 7161 31415 4096 Jul 7 2022 man -rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 287624 Jul 7 2022 LICENSE -rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 666 Jul 7 2022 README [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8030]# cd bin [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ bin]# groupadd mysql [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ bin]# useradd -g mysql mysql [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ bin]# chown -R mysql.mysql /evir/mysql8/mysql8030/ [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ bin]# ./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/evir/mysql8/mysql8030/ --datadir=/evir/mysql8/mysql8030/data/ --initialize 2023-11-11T07:33:09.773158Z 0 [Warning] [MY-011070] [Server] 'Disabling symbolic links using --skip-symbolic-links (or equivalent) is the default. Consider s it' is deprecated and will be removed in a future release. 2023-11-11T07:33:09.773257Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /evir/mysql8/mysql8030/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.30) initializing of server in progress as process 2023-11-11T07:33:09.780954Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started. 2023-11-11T07:33:12.109123Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended. 2023-11-11T07:33:14.821697Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: y/PK2Jhi79Np [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ bin]# ^C [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ bin]# vim /etc/my.cnf [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ bin]# cd .. [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8030]# cp -a ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8030]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8030]# chkconfig --add mysql [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8030]# chmod -R 777 /evir/mysql8/mysql8030/data/ [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8030]# vim /etc/my.cnf [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8030]# service mysql start Starting MySQL.Logging to '/evir/mysql8/mysql8030/data/iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ.err'. . [ OK ] [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8030]# service mysql status MySQL running (16326) [ OK ] [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8030]# ln -s /usr/MYSQL/mysql-8.0.31/bin/mysql /usr/bin [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8030]# mysql -uroot -p -bash: mysql: command not found [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ mysql8030]# cd /usr/bin [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ bin]# rm -rf /usr/bin/mysql [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ bin]# ln -s /evir/mysql8/mysql8030//bin/mysql /usr/bin [root@iZbp14cdvd1cf45cy90gqcZ bin]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.0.30 Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement. mysql> use mysql No connection. Trying to reconnect... Connection id: 9 Current database: *** NONE *** ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement. mysql> LTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456sww#'; ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'LNTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456sww#'' at line 1 mysql> flush privileges; ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement. mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456sww#'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> use mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +------------------------------------------------------+ | Tables_in_mysql | +------------------------------------------------------+ | columns_priv | | component | | db | | default_roles | | engine_cost | | func | | general_log | | global_grants | | gtid_executed | | help_category | | help_keyword | | help_relation | | help_topic | | innodb_index_stats | | innodb_table_stats | | password_history | | plugin | | procs_priv | | proxies_priv | | replication_asynchronous_connection_failover | | replication_asynchronous_connection_failover_managed | | replication_group_configuration_version | | replication_group_member_actions | | role_edges | | server_cost | | servers | | slave_master_info | | slave_relay_log_info | | slave_worker_info | | slow_log | | tables_priv | | time_zone | | time_zone_leap_second | | time_zone_name | | time_zone_transition | | time_zone_transition_type | | user | +------------------------------------------------------+ 37 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from usr; ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'mysql.usr' doesn't exist mysql>
参考博客：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39561004/article/details/114339330
mysql.user的作用_mysql通过mysql_install_db初始化数据目录时使用--user选项的作用是什么?...
需求描述:
mysql数据库通过mysql_install_db初始化数据目录时,使用了--user选项,这里记录下该参数的作用
参数解释:
1.--user的作用:就是以哪个操作系统用户来执行mysqld进程(使用哪个用户来运行mysql server)
2.比如,指定了--user=mysql之后,那么通过mysqld创建的文件或者目录都是被mysql用户拥有的(mysql创建的文件,目录的用户权限是mysql),即相当于是mysql用户创建的文件.
3.在初始化数据目录时,如果在root下执行mysql_install_db脚本需要指定--user选项,如果已经登录到了mysql这个系统用户下,则不需要指定,当前用户就是mysql服务器要运行的用户环境.
测试过程:
1.使用--user=mysql初始化数据目录后,查看创建的data目录的权限——备注:data目录的用户和用户组都是mysql.
2.mysqld运行之后,创建的文件的权限:——备注:mysqld运行之后,生成的文件,目录用户和用户组都是mysql.
小结:
简单来说,--user选项,
1、是在哪个用户下执行mysqld程序,
2、 mysqld程序创建的文件,目录的用户权限是哪个用户.
能够运行的主要原因:文件及目录权限.
