python—模块-random

程序中有很多地方需要用到随机字符，比如登录网站的随机验证码，python中通过random模块可以很容易生成随机字符串。

实例：大乐透，公司年会抽奖

>>> import random

>>> random.randint(1,100)  #1-100中间取一个随机数,包含100
32
>>> random.randint(1,100)
59
>>> random.randint(1,100)
32

>>>random.randrange(1-100)  #1-100中间取一个随机数,不包含100
22

>>>random.choice('da124#!')  #从字符串里返回随机的东西,拼随机验证码可能用的到
'4'
>>>random.sample('da124#!'，3)   #返回3个随机值
['#', '4', '1']


>>> import string
>>> string.digits
'0123456789'
>>> string.ascii_letters
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ' 把小写字母和大写字母都显示出来
>>> string.hexdigits
'0123456789abcdefABCDEF'
>>> s = string.ascii_lowercase + string.ascii_uppercase + string.digits + string.punctuation
>>>s
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~'
>>>random.sample(s, 5)
['q', 'h', 'L', 'O', 'S']
>>>random.sample(s, 5)
['B', '3', 'J', 'Y', '7']
>>>''.join(random.sample(s,5))
'VGN:R'  # 随机验证码

#洗牌
>>> d = list(range(0,100))
>>> d
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 
28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 
54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79,
 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99]
>>> random.shuffle(d)
>>> d
[9, 38, 62, 53, 80, 78, 52, 95, 20, 65, 30, 64, 71, 92, 81, 4, 69, 37, 34, 11, 35, 84, 36, 44, 76, 98, 
13, 1, 43, 55, 79, 63, 17, 12, 77, 26, 5, 61, 94, 27, 0, 58, 83, 72, 49, 25, 59, 60, 2, 41, 89, 23, 82,
 97, 90, 54, 99, 6, 3, 93, 73, 70, 96, 10, 40, 45, 67, 8, 16, 21, 39, 85, 31, 50, 48, 47, 46, 7, 14, 51, 
18, 87, 66, 75, 19, 88, 56, 68, 57, 32, 33, 24, 74, 28, 42, 15, 91, 86, 22, 29]