FastAPI--参数提交Request Body(3)

一、概述

一般对于Request Body不会通过get提交,对于get提交的参数一般称为是查询参数。所以,如果是通过POTS,PUT等方式提交的参数信息,我们一般是放到Request Body来提交到我们的后端。

对于如何接收和校验请求体,FastApi提供的形式是使用:from pydantic import BaseModel

示例如下:

import uvicorn
from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str = None
    price: float
    tax: float = None

app = FastAPI()

@app.post("/items/")
async def create_item(item: Item):
    return item

if __name__ == '__main__':
    uvicorn.run(app='main:app', host="127.0.0.1", port=8000, reload=True, debug=True)

在上面的模型中,如果提交的Item它必须是怎么样的一个格式,比如name是必选字段,description是可选且默认为None, price是必选,且需要是float类型的,tax是可须且默认为None。

那客户端如何提交上面那些参数呐?

尝试提交参数什么都不写的情况下:

 

http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/

使用JSON格式提交参数的情况下:

{
    "name":"Foo",
    "description":"An openfdsf",
    "price":45.4,
    "tax":3.5
}

 

故意提交错误参数格式请求:

{
    "name":"Foo",
    "description":"An openfdsf",
    "price":"45abc",
    "tax":3.5
}

 

Request Body 和 Query 和 Path的混合

在设计一些API过程中难免的可能也会需要综合遇到上述的一些混搭的组合,需要同时多个参数的提交和获取

那么我们通常接收这次参数的话一般怎么接收呐?

示例代码如:

import uvicorn
from fastapi import FastAPI, Path
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str = None
    price: float
    tax: float = None

@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
        *,
        item_id: int = Path(..., title="The ID of the item to get", ge=0, le=1000),
        q: str = None,
        item: Item = None,
):
    results = {"item_id": item_id}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})
    if item:
        results.update({"item": item})
    return results

if __name__ == '__main__':
    uvicorn.run(app='main:app', host="127.0.0.1", port=8000, reload=True, debug=True)

通过之前的学习,其实也很简单道理也还是一样,如上的示例请求的话:

 

url:

http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/1000?q=xiao

参数:

{
    "name":"Foo",
    "description":"An openfdsf",
    "price": 45.4,
    "tax":3.5
}

效果如下:

多个Request Body的提交

更复杂的业务其实会存在多体的Boay的提交,之前做的商城下单里面,客户端有可能就会同时提交多个实体的对象信息到后端,如订单实体,地址实体,商品信息实体等。

那么在Fastapi如何接受多个Body实体呐?通常以前的话,在bottle,通常直接的request.body 或 request.json就可以获取客户端部提交的信息了。

在Fastapi假设客户端提交的参数是这样的形式:

{
    "item": {
        "name": "Foo",
        "description": "The pretender",
        "price": 42.0,
        "tax": 3.2
    },
    "user": {
        "username": "dave",
        "full_name": "Dave Grohl"
    }
}

 

那如何的接收处理呐?

import uvicorn
from fastapi import FastAPI, Path
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str = None
    price: float
    tax: float = None

class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    full_name: str = None

@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(*, item_id: int, item: Item, user: User):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item, "user": user}
    return results

if __name__ == '__main__':
    uvicorn.run(app='main:app', host="127.0.0.1", port=8000, reload=True, debug=True)

这种情况,其实就是客户端提交多个实体对象。那可以定义多个模型对象即可。fastapi它会自动帮你处理提取信息。

 

http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/1000

 

 

如果另外再假设:

在Fastapi假设客户端提交的参数是这样的形式:

{
    "item": {
        "name": "Foo",
        "description": "The pretender",
        "price": 42.0,
        "tax": 3.2
    },
    "user": {
        "username": "dave",
        "full_name": "Dave Grohl"
    },
    "importance": 5
}

其实这种可能也不是不存在滴,那如何的读取解析importance参数呐?既然参数有Query 和 Path,当然也会有 Body 。

import uvicorn
from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str = None
    price: float
    tax: float = None

class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    full_name: str = None

@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
        *, item_id: int, item: Item, user: User, importance: int = Body(..., gt=0)
):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item, "user": user, "importance": importance}
    return results

if __name__ == '__main__':
    uvicorn.run(app='main:app', host="127.0.0.1", port=8000, reload=True, debug=True)

上面的代码中我们引入了Body 并且在importance: int = Body(...)进行处理和提取:

 

如果另外再假设,客户端提交的是一个单体对象内嵌的话,我们需要怎么处理?:

{
    "item": {
        "name": "Foo",
        "description": "The pretender",
        "price": 42.0,
        "tax": 3.2
    }
}

FastAPI提供了一个:

item: Item = Body(..., embed=True) 具体如下:

 

import uvicorn
from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str = None
    price: float
    tax: float = None

@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(*, item_id: int, item: Item = Body(..., embed=True)):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item}
    return results

if __name__ == '__main__':
    uvicorn.run(app='main:app', host="127.0.0.1", port=8000, reload=True, debug=True)

 

请求示例如:

 

 

如果另外再假设,客户端提交一个更复杂的嵌套模型的话,怎么办?麻蛋的 肯定也是会有这样的情况滴! 嵌套里面有列表有实体。比如:

{
    "name": "Foo",
    "description": "The pretender",
    "price": 42.0,
    "tax": 3.2,
    "tags": ["rock", "metal", "bar"],
    "image": {
        "url": "http://example.com/baz.jpg",
        "name": "The Foo live"
    }
}

这时候,我们就需要所谓的子内嵌啦:

import uvicorn
from typing import Set

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

class Image(BaseModel):
    url: str
    name: str

class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str = None
    price: float
    tax: float = None
    tags: Set[str] = []
    image: Image = None

@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(*, item_id: int, item: Item):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item}
    return results

if __name__ == '__main__':
    uvicorn.run(app='main:app', host="127.0.0.1", port=8000, reload=True, debug=True)

如上代码,Item里面包含了Image,也包含了,tags类型的列表定义。

 

 

MMP更深层的嵌套也是可以定义的如:

{
    "name":"Foo",
    "description":"The pretender",
    "price":42,
    "items":[
        {
            "name":"Foo",
            "description":"The pretender",
            "price":42,
            "tax":3.2,
            "tags":[
                "rock",
                "metal",
                "bar"
            ],
            "image":{
                "url":"http://example.com/baz.jpg",
                "name":"The Foo live"
            }
        },
        {
            "name":"Foo2",
            "description":"The 2",
            "price":422,
            "tax":3.2,
            "tags":[
                "rock",
                "metal",
                "bar"
            ],
            "image":{
                "url":"http://example.com/baz.jpg",
                "name":"The Foo live"
            }
        }
    ]
}

对应的解析为:

import uvicorn

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing import List, Set

app = FastAPI()

class Image(BaseModel):
    url: str
    name: str

class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str = None
    price: float
    tax: float = None
    tags: Set[str] = []
    # images: List[Image] = None
    image: Image = None

class Offer(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str = None
    price: float
    items: List[Item]

@app.post("/offers/")
async def create_offer(*, offer: Offer):
    return offer

if __name__ == '__main__':
    uvicorn.run(app='main:app', host="127.0.0.1", port=8000, reload=True, debug=True)

 

请求url

http://127.0.0.1:8000/offers

 

Request Body的Field

Field字段的意思其实就是类似上面Query, Path,也同样给Body内的字段的信息添加相关的校验。

也就是说。通过Field来规范提交的Body参数信息。比如:

import uvicorn

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field

app = FastAPI()

class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: str = Field(None, title="标题啊", description="错误提示文字啊", max_length=30)
    price: float = Field(..., gt=0, description="错误提示文字啊")
    tax: float = None

@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(*, item_id: int, item: Item = Body(..., embed=True)):
    results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item}
    return results

if __name__ == '__main__':
    uvicorn.run(app='main:app', host="127.0.0.1", port=8000, reload=True, debug=True)

 

上面的意思就是和之前定义参数校验其实一样

正常情况:

{
    "item":{
        "name": "Foo",
        "description": "The pretender",
        "price": 42.0,
        "tax": 3.2

    }
}

 

 

 

 

异常情况:

{
    "item":{
        "name": "Foo",
        "description": "The pretender sssssssssssssssss",
        "price": 42.0,
        "tax": 3.2

    }
}

 

 

其他数据类型的校验

对于数据格式的校验,通常,我们不止于

  • int

  • float

  • str

  • bool

但是提交参数不止于上述的几种格式,有时候比如是对手机号码的校验,有些时候是时间类型的校验等

其他类型:

其他数据类型¶ 以下是您可以使用的一些其他数据类型(来自官方文档):

  • UUID:

    • 一个标准的“通用唯一标识符”,在许多数据库和系统中常见于ID。

    • 在请求和答复中,将表示为str.

  • datetime.datetime:

    • 一只Pythondatetime.datetime.

    • 在请求和答复中,将表示为str采用ISO 8601格式,如:2008-09-15T15:53:00+05:00.

  • datetime.date:

    • Pythondatetime.date.

    • 在请求和答复中,将表示为str采用ISO 8601格式,如:2008-09-15.

  • datetime.time:

    • 一只Pythondatetime.time.

    • 在请求和答复中,将表示为str采用ISO 8601格式,如:14:23:55.003.

  • datetime.timedelta:

    • 一只Pythondatetime.timedelta.

    • 在请求和答复中,将表示为float总秒数。

    • Pydantic还允许将其表示为“ISO 8601时间差异编码”,有关更多信息,请参阅文档。.

  • frozenset:

    • 在请求和答复中,将其视为set:

    • 在请求中,将读取列表,消除重复,并将其转换为set.

    • 在答复中,set将转换为list.

    • 生成的架构将指定set值是唯一的(使用JSONSchema的uniqueItems).

  • bytes:

    • 标准Pythonbytes.

    • 在请求和答复中将被视为str.

    • 生成的架构将指定它是str带着binary“格式”。

  • Decimal:

    • 标准PythonDecimal.

    • 在请求和响应中,处理方式与float.

所以我还可以使用其他类型来校验:

 

import uvicorn

from datetime import datetime, time, timedelta
from uuid import UUID

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI

app = FastAPI()


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_items(
        item_id: UUID,
        start_datetime: datetime = Body(None),
        end_datetime: datetime = Body(None),
        repeat_at: time = Body(None),
        process_after: timedelta = Body(None),
):
    start_process = start_datetime + process_after
    duration = end_datetime - start_process
    return {
        "item_id": item_id,
        "start_datetime": start_datetime,
        "end_datetime": end_datetime,
        "repeat_at": repeat_at,
        "process_after": process_after,
        "start_process": start_process,
        "duration": duration,
    }

if __name__ == '__main__':
    uvicorn.run(app='main:app', host="127.0.0.1", port=8000, reload=True, debug=True)

 

 

本文参考链接:

http://www.zyiz.net/tech/detail-119883.html

 

posted @ 2020-06-10 17:06  肖祥  阅读(4131)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报