FastAPI(10)- 详解 Body
FastAPI(10)- 详解 Body
前言
- 上一篇有讲到将参数类型指定为 Pydantic Model,这样 FastAPI 会解析它为一个 Request Body
- 那单类型(int、float、str、bool...)参数可以成为 Request Body 的一部分吗?答案是可以的
- 通过 Body 函数即可完成,和 Path、Query 有异曲同工之妙
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Body
- 主要作用:可以将单类型的参数成为 Request Body 的一部分,即从查询参数变成请求体参数
- 和 Query、Path 提供的额外校验、元数据是基本一致的(多了个 embed 参数,最后讲解)
Body 的简单栗子
from typing import Optional
import uvicorn
from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
app = FastAPI()
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
description: Optional[str] = None
price: float
tax: Optional[float] = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
full_name: Optional[str] = None
@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
item_id: int,
item: Item,
user: User,
importance: int = Body(...)
):
results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item, "user": user, "importance": importance}
return results
if __name__ == "__main__":
uvicorn.run(app="8_Body:app", host="127.0.0.1", port=8080, reload=True, debug=True)
期望得到的 Request Body
{
"item": {
"name": "Foo",
"description": "The pretender",
"price": 42.0,
"tax": 3.2
},
"user": {
"username": "dave",
"full_name": "Dave Grohl"
},
"importance": 5
}
Request Body 中多了个 importance
正确传参的请求结果
查看 Swagger API 文档
Query、Path、Body 终极混用
from typing import Optional
import uvicorn
from fastapi import Body, FastAPI, Path, Query
from pydantic import BaseModel
app = FastAPI()
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
description: Optional[str] = None
price: float
tax: Optional[float] = None
class User(BaseModel):
username: str
full_name: Optional[str] = None
@app.put("/item_all/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
*,
item_id: int = Path(default=..., description="路径参数", gt=0, lt=10),
address: str = Query(default=None, description="查询参数", max_length=10),
item: Item,
user: User,
importance: int = Body(default=..., description="请求体", ge=1, le=5)
):
results = {
"item_id": item_id,
"address": address,
"item": item,
"user": user,
"importance": importance
}
return results
正确传参的请求结果
查看 Swagger API 文档
Body() 中的 embed 参数
为什么要讲这个 embed 参数
当函数只有一个参数指定了 Pydantic Model 且没有其他 Body 参数时,传参的时候请求体可以不指定参数名
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
description: Optional[str] = None
price: float
tax: Optional[float] = None
@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):
...
期望得到的请求体
{
"name": "Foo",
"description": "The pretender",
"price": 42.0,
"tax": 3.2
}
默认并不需要指定 item 为字段名
那假设想指定 item 为请求体的字段名呢?就是通过 embed 参数达到目的了
实际代码
from typing import Optional
from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel
app = FastAPI()
class Item(BaseModel):
name: str
description: Optional[str] = None
price: float
tax: Optional[float] = None
@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(
*,
item_id: int,
# 将 embed 设置为 True
item: Item = Body(..., embed=True)):
results = {"item_id": item_id, "item": item}
return results
期望得到的请求体
{
"item": {
"name": "Foo",
"description": "The pretender",
"price": 42.0,
"tax": 3.2
}
}
正确传参的请求结果
还是不传 item 字段的请求结果
查看 Swagger API 文档