Python使用SMTP模块、email模块发送邮件
一、smtplib模块:
主要通过SMTP类与邮件系统进行交互。使用方法如下:
1.实例化一个SMTP对象:
s = smtplib.SMTP(邮件服务地址,端口号)
s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(邮件服务地址,端口号)
2.登陆邮件,权限验证:
s.login(用户名,密码)
3.发送邮件:
s.sendmail(发件人邮箱,收件人邮箱,发送内容)
4.断开连接:
s.close()
二、email模块:
email模块:支持发送的邮件内容为纯文本、HTML内容、图片、附件。email模块中有几大类来针对不同的邮件内容形式,常用如下:
MIMEText:(MIME媒体类型)内容形式为纯文本、HTML页面。
MIMEImage:内容形式为图片。
MIMEMultupart:多形式组合,可包含文本和附件。
每一类对应的导入方式:
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
三、MIMEText:
MIMEText(msg,type,chartset)
msg:文本内容
type:文本类型默认为plain(纯文本)
发送HTML格式的时候,修改为html,但同时要求msg的内容也是html的格式。
chartset:文本编码,中文为“utf-8”
# 构造TEXT格式的消息
msg = MIMEText("hello.text","plain","utf-8")
msg["Subject"] = "xxxxx"
msg["From"] = "xxxx"
msg["To"] = "xxxx"
#发送以上构造的邮件内容要使用as_string将构造的邮件内容转换为string形式。
s.sendmail("xxx","xxx",msg.as_string)
四、MIMEImage、MIMEMultipart:
msg = MIMEMultipart()
#实例化一个文本对象
msg_sub = MIMEText("hello.text","plain","utf-8")
#将text消息添加到MIMEMultipart中,作为邮件正文。
msg.attach(msg_sub)
#图片作为附件
import os
img_datas = open(os.getcwd()+ "/reports/xxxx.png","rb").read()
msg_img = MIMEImage(img_data)
msg_img.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment', filename = "xxxx.png" )
msg_img.add_header('Content-ID','<0>')
#将图片添加到MIMEMultiplart中,作为附件发送。
msg.attach(mag_img)
源代码如下:
发送文本邮件:
1 import smtplib
2 from email.mime.text import MIMEText
3
4 sender = 'xxxx@qq.com' #发送人邮箱
5 passwd = 'lkugmgywydhfff' #发送人邮箱授权码
6 receivers = 'xxxx@qq.com' #收件人邮箱
7
8 subject = 'python发邮件测试' #主题
9 content = '这是我使用python smtplib模块和email模块自动发送的邮件' #正文
10
11 msg = MIMEText(content,'plain','utf-8')
12 msg['Subject'] = subject
13 msg['From'] = sender
14 msg['TO'] = receivers
15
16 try:
17 s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL('smtp.qq.com',465)
18 s.login(sender,passwd)
19 s.sendmail(sender,receivers,msg.as_string())
20 print('发送成功')
21
22 except Exception:
23 print('发送失败')
发送HTML邮件:
1 import smtplib
2 from email.mime.text import MIMEText
3 from email.header import Header
4
5 sender = 'xxxx@qq.com' #发件邮箱
6 passwd = 'lkugmgywydhfff' #发送人邮箱授权码
7 receivers = 'xxxx@qq.com' #收件邮箱
8
9 subject = 'python发邮Html邮件测试' #主题
10
11 content = """ #内容,HTML格式
12 <p>Python 邮件发送测试...</p>
13 <p><a href="http://www.baidu.com">这是一个链接</a></p>
14 """
15
16 msg = MIMEText(content,'html','utf-8')
17 # msg['Subject'] = subject
18 msg['Subject'] = Header(subject,'utf-8')
19 # msg['From'] = sender
20 msg['From'] = Header('大傻子','utf-8')
21 # msg['To'] = receivers
22 msg['To'] = Header('二愣子','utf-8')
23 try:
24 s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL('smtp.qq.com',465)
25 s.login(sender,passwd)
26 s.sendmail(sender,receivers,msg.as_string())
27 print('Send Success')
28
29 except:
30 print('Send Failure')
发送图片邮件:
1 import smtplib
2 from email.mime.image import MIMEImage
3 from email.mime.text import MIMEText
4 from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
5
6 sender = 'xxxx@qq.com'
7 passwd = 'lkugmgywydhfff'
8 receivers = 'xxxx@qq.com'
9 subject = 'python发邮带img的邮件测试' #主题
10
11 # 创建一个带附件的实例
12 msg = MIMEMultipart()
13 msg['Subject'] = subject
14 msg['From'] = sender
15 msg['To'] = receivers
16
17 # 创建正文
18 msg.attach(MIMEText('使用python smtplib模块和email模块自动发送邮件测试','plain','utf-8'))
19
20 # 创建图片附件
21 import os
22 img_file = open(os.getcwd()+"/a4.jpg",'rb').read()
23 msg_img = MIMEImage(img_file)
24 msg_img.add_header('Content-Disposition','attachment', filename = "a4.jpg")
25 msg_img.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
26 msg.attach(msg_img)
27
28 try:
29 s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL('smtp.qq.com',465)
30 s.set_debuglevel(1) #输出发送邮件详细过程
31 s.login(sender,passwd)
32 s.sendmail(sender,receivers,msg.as_string())
33 print('Send Succese')
34
35 except:
36 print('Send Failure')
发送带附件的邮件:
1 import smtplib
2 from email.mime.text import MIMEText
3 from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
4 from email.header import Header
5
6 sender = 'xxxxxx@qq.com' #发件邮箱
7 passwd = 'lkugmgywydhfff' # 邮箱授权码
8 receivers = 'xxxxxx@qq.com' #收件邮箱
9
10 subject = 'python发带附件的邮件测试' #主题
11 # 创建一个带附件的实例
12 msg = MIMEMultipart()
13 msg['Subject'] = subject
14 msg['From'] = sender
15 msg['To'] = receivers
16
17 #创建正文,将文本文件添加到MIMEMultipart中
18 msg.attach(MIMEText('使用python smtplib模块和email模块自动发送邮件测试','plain','utf-8'))
19
20 #构造附件1,传送当前目录下 文件
21 att1 = MIMEText(open('testdata.xlsx','rb').read(),'base64','utf-8') # rb以二进制方式读取
22 # att1["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
23 # filename为附件名称,可以任意写,写什么名字,邮件中显示什么名字
24 att1["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename = "testdata.xlsx" '
25 #将附件添加到MIMEMultipart中
26 msg.attach(att1)
27
28 #构造附件2
29 att2 = MIMEText(open('db.cfg','rb').read(),'base64','utf-8')
30 # att2["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
31 att2["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename = "db.cfg" '
32 #将附件添加到MIMEMultipart中
33 msg.attach(att2)
34
35 try:
36 s = smtplib.SMTP_SSL('smtp.qq.com',465)
37 s.set_debuglevel(1) #输出发送邮件详细过程
38 s.login(sender,passwd)
39 s.sendmail(sender,receivers,msg.as_string())
40 print('Send Succese')
41
42 except:
43 print('Send Failure')