redis
redis
简介
redis是一个基于C写的且开源的基于内存的数据库软件。读写能力强；
第一阶段：单机
1. 安装的两种方式：
- 包管理器yum安装
- 源码安装
2. 配置：
################################## NETWORK ##################################### # By default, if no "bind" configuration directive is specified, Redis listens # for connections from all the network interfaces available on the server. # It is possible to listen to just one or multiple selected interfaces using # the "bind" configuration directive, followed by one or more IP addresses. # # Examples: # # bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1 # bind 127.0.0.1 ::1 # # ~~~ WARNING ~~~ If the computer running Redis is directly exposed to the # internet, binding to all the interfaces is dangerous and will expose the # instance to everybody on the internet. So by default we uncomment the # following bind directive, that will force Redis to listen only into # the IPv4 lookback interface address (this means Redis will be able to # accept connections only from clients running into the same computer it # is running). # # IF YOU ARE SURE YOU WANT YOUR INSTANCE TO LISTEN TO ALL THE INTERFACES # JUST COMMENT THE FOLLOWING LINE. # ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ bind 0.0.0.0 # Protected mode is a layer of security protection, in order to avoid that # Redis instances left open on the internet are accessed and exploited. # # When protected mode is on and if: # # 1) The server is not binding explicitly to a set of addresses using the # "bind" directive. # 2) No password is configured. # # The server only accepts connections from clients connecting from the # IPv4 and IPv6 loopback addresses 127.0.0.1 and ::1, and from Unix domain # sockets. # # By default protected mode is enabled. You should disable it only if # you are sure you want clients from other hosts to connect to Redis # even if no authentication is configured, nor a specific set of interfaces # are explicitly listed using the "bind" directive. protected-mode yes # Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379 (IANA #815344). # If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket. port 6379 # TCP listen() backlog. # # In high requests-per-second environments you need an high backlog in order # to avoid slow clients connections issues. Note that the Linux kernel # will silently truncate it to the value of /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn so # make sure to raise both the value of somaxconn and tcp_max_syn_backlog # in order to get the desired effect. tcp-backlog 511 # Unix socket. # # Specify the path for the Unix socket that will be used to listen for # incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen # on a unix socket when not specified. # # unixsocket /tmp/redis.sock # unixsocketperm 700 # Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable) timeout 0 # TCP keepalive. # # If non-zero, use SO_KEEPALIVE to send TCP ACKs to clients in absence # of communication. This is useful for two reasons: # # 1) Detect dead peers. # 2) Take the connection alive from the point of view of network # equipment in the middle. # # On Linux, the specified value (in seconds) is the period used to send ACKs. # Note that to close the connection the double of the time is needed. # On other kernels the period depends on the kernel configuration. # # A reasonable value for this option is 300 seconds, which is the new # Redis default starting with Redis 3.2.1. tcp-keepalive 300 ... ...... ......... ............
3. 使用：
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import redis r = redis.Redis(host='10.211.55.4', port=6379)r.set('foo', 'Bar')print r.get('foo') |
第二阶段：高可用
1. 安装方式
- slaveof命令+keepalived
- sentinel
2. 配置
方式一：
port 6379 其他配置...
port 6380 其他配置...
在6380上执行命令： slaveof 10.211.55.20 6379 或在6380上添加配置： slaveof 10.211.55.20 6379
方式二：
# Example sentinel.conf # *** IMPORTANT *** # # By default Sentinel will not be reachable from interfaces different than # localhost, either use the 'bind' directive to bind to a list of network # interfaces, or disable protected mode with "protected-mode no" by # adding it to this configuration file. # # Before doing that MAKE SURE the instance is protected from the outside # world via firewalling or other means. # # For example you may use one of the following: # # bind 127.0.0.1 192.168.1.1 # # protected-mode no # port <sentinel-port> # The port that this sentinel instance will run on port 26379 # sentinel announce-ip <ip> # sentinel announce-port <port> # # The above two configuration directives are useful in environments where, # because of NAT, Sentinel is reachable from outside via a non-local address. # # When announce-ip is provided, the Sentinel will claim the specified IP address # in HELLO messages used to gossip its presence, instead of auto-detecting the # local address as it usually does. # # Similarly when announce-port is provided and is valid and non-zero, Sentinel # will announce the specified TCP port. # # The two options don't need to be used together, if only announce-ip is # provided, the Sentinel will announce the specified IP and the server port # as specified by the "port" option. If only announce-port is provided, the # Sentinel will announce the auto-detected local IP and the specified port. # # Example: # # sentinel announce-ip 1.2.3.4 # dir <working-directory> # Every long running process should have a well-defined working directory. # For Redis Sentinel to chdir to /tmp at startup is the simplest thing # for the process to don't interfere with administrative tasks such as # unmounting filesystems. dir "/tmp" # sentinel monitor <master-name> <ip> <redis-port> <quorum> # # Tells Sentinel to monitor this master, and to consider it in O_DOWN # (Objectively Down) state only if at least <quorum> sentinels agree. # # Note that whatever is the ODOWN quorum, a Sentinel will require to # be elected by the majority of the known Sentinels in order to # start a failover, so no failover can be performed in minority. # # Slaves are auto-discovered, so you don't need to specify slaves in # any way. Sentinel itself will rewrite this configuration file adding # the slaves using additional configuration options. # Also note that the configuration file is rewritten when a # slave is promoted to master. # # Note: master name should not include special characters or spaces. # The valid charset is A-z 0-9 and the three characters ".-_". sentinel myid f4043341d4f4e22727b75dbe256d374bc759d144 # sentinel auth-pass <master-name> <password> # # Set the password to use to authenticate with the master and slaves. # Useful if there is a password set in the Redis instances to monitor. # # Note that the master password is also used for slaves, so it is not # possible to set a different password in masters and slaves instances # if you want to be able to monitor these instances with Sentinel. # # However you can have Redis instances without the authentication enabled # mixed with Redis instances requiring the authentication (as long as the # password set is the same for all the instances requiring the password) as # the AUTH command will have no effect in Redis instances with authentication # switched off. # # Example: # # sentinel auth-pass mymaster MySUPER--secret-0123passw0rd # sentinel down-after-milliseconds <master-name> <milliseconds> # # Number of milliseconds the master (or any attached slave or sentinel) should # be unreachable (as in, not acceptable reply to PING, continuously, for the # specified period) in order to consider it in S_DOWN state (Subjectively # Down). # # Default is 30 seconds. sentinel monitor mymaster 10.211.55.20 6380 1 # sentinel parallel-syncs <master-name> <numslaves> # # How many slaves we can reconfigure to point to the new slave simultaneously # during the failover. Use a low number if you use the slaves to serve query # to avoid that all the slaves will be unreachable at about the same # time while performing the synchronization with the master. sentinel config-epoch mymaster 3 # sentinel failover-timeout <master-name> <milliseconds> # # Specifies the failover timeout in milliseconds. It is used in many ways: # # - The time needed to re-start a failover after a previous failover was # already tried against the same master by a given Sentinel, is two # times the failover timeout. # # - The time needed for a slave replicating to a wrong master according # to a Sentinel current configuration, to be forced to replicate # with the right master, is exactly the failover timeout (counting since # the moment a Sentinel detected the misconfiguration). # # - The time needed to cancel a failover that is already in progress but # did not produced any configuration change (SLAVEOF NO ONE yet not # acknowledged by the promoted slave). # # - The maximum time a failover in progress waits for all the slaves to be # reconfigured as slaves of the new master. However even after this time # the slaves will be reconfigured by the Sentinels anyway, but not with # the exact parallel-syncs progression as specified. # # Default is 3 minutes. sentinel leader-epoch mymaster 3 # # Specify the log file name. Also the empty string can be used to force # Redis to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard # output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null logfile "/var/log/redis/sentinel.log" # SCRIPTS EXECUTION # # sentinel notification-script and sentinel reconfig-script are used in order # to configure scripts that are called to notify the system administrator # or to reconfigure clients after a failover. The scripts are executed # with the following rules for error handling: # # If script exits with "1" the execution is retried later (up to a maximum # number of times currently set to 10). # # If script exits with "2" (or an higher value) the script execution is # not retried. # # If script terminates because it receives a signal the behavior is the same # as exit code 1. # # A script has a maximum running time of 60 seconds. After this limit is # reached the script is terminated with a SIGKILL and the execution retried. # NOTIFICATION SCRIPT # # sentinel notification-script <master-name> <script-path> # # Call the specified notification script for any sentinel event that is # generated in the WARNING level (for instance -sdown, -odown, and so forth). # This script should notify the system administrator via email, SMS, or any # other messaging system, that there is something wrong with the monitored # Redis systems. # # The script is called with just two arguments: the first is the event type # and the second the event description. # # The script must exist and be executable in order for sentinel to start if # this option is provided. # # Example: # # sentinel notification-script mymaster /var/redis/notify.sh # CLIENTS RECONFIGURATION SCRIPT # # sentinel client-reconfig-script <master-name> <script-path> # # When the master changed because of a failover a script can be called in # order to perform application-specific tasks to notify the clients that the # configuration has changed and the master is at a different address. # # The following arguments are passed to the script: # # <master-name> <role> <state> <from-ip> <from-port> <to-ip> <to-port> # # <state> is currently always "failover" # <role> is either "leader" or "observer" # # The arguments from-ip, from-port, to-ip, to-port are used to communicate # the old address of the master and the new address of the elected slave # (now a master). # # This script should be resistant to multiple invocations. # # Example: # # sentinel client-reconfig-script mymaster /var/redis/reconfig.sh # Generated by CONFIG REWRITE
// Sentinel节点的端口 port 26379 dir /var/redis/data/ logfile "26379.log" // 当前Sentinel节点监控 192.168.119.10:6379 这个主节点 // 2代表判断主节点失败至少需要2个Sentinel节点节点同意 // mymaster是主节点的别名 sentinel monitor mymaster 192.168.119.10 6379 2 //每个Sentinel节点都要定期PING命令来判断Redis数据节点和其余Sentinel节点是否可达，如果超过30000毫秒且没有回复，则判定不可达 sentinel down-after-milliseconds mymaster 30000 //当Sentinel节点集合对主节点故障判定达成一致时，Sentinel领导者节点会做故障转移操作，选出新的主节点，原来的从节点会向新的主节点发起复制操作，限制每次向新的主节点发起复制操作的从节点个数为1 sentinel parallel-syncs mymaster 1 //故障转移超时时间为180000毫秒 sentinel failover-timeout mymaster 180000
3. 操作
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#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-from redis.sentinel import Sentinel# 连接哨兵服务器(主机名也可以用域名)sentinel = Sentinel([('10.211.55.20', 26379), ('10.211.55.20', 26380), ], socket_timeout=0.5)# # 获取主服务器地址# master = sentinel.discover_master('mymaster')# print(master)## # # 获取从服务器地址# slave = sentinel.discover_slaves('mymaster')# print(slave)### # # 获取主服务器进行写入# master = sentinel.master_for('mymaster')# master.set('foo', 'bar')# # # # 获取从服务器进行读取（默认是round-roubin）# slave = sentinel.slave_for('mymaster', password='redis_auth_pass')# r_ret = slave.get('foo')# print(r_ret) |
第三阶段：分布式集群
### 分布式集群：redis-cluster 【16384】 ### a. 创建3主、3从 b. 安装 目标： 0 ~ 5500 5501 ~ 11000 11001 ~ 16384 7001 7002 7003 7004 7005 7006 所有redis节点，彼此互联。 连接： 客户端链接时，无需proxy也无需链接所有节点，只需要连接cluster就可访问所有数据。 依赖： yum install ruby rubygems -y gem sources --add https://gems.ruby-china.com/ --remove https://rubygems.org/ gem install redis 由于redis创建集群的脚本用ruby编写的。 报错： 升级ruby： ERROR: Error installing redis: redis requires Ruby version >= 2.2.2. 升级ruby： gpg --keyserver hkp://keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 409B6B1796C275462A1703113804BB82D39DC0E3 curl -sSL https://get.rvm.io | bash -s stable source /usr/local/rvm/scripts/rvm rvm list known rvm install 指定版本 rvm use 指定版本 rvm remove 指定版本 ruby --version 重新安装： gem install redis 配置： 1. 创建6个配置文件 ... 2. 在配置文件中添加 daemonize yes cluster-enabled yes cluster-config-file nodes-各自配置.conf cluster-node-timeout 5000 appendonly yes 3. 创建集群 ./redis-trib.rb create --replicas 1 192.168.10.25:7001 192.168.10.25:7002 192.168.10.25:7003 192.168.10.25:7004 192.168.10.25:7005 192.168.10.25:7006 4. 重新分配 ./redis-trib.rb reshard 192.168.10.25:7001 拿走的大小 目标：给谁？ 源头：从哪里那 done完成这事
操作：
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from rediscluster import StrictRedisClusterstartup_nodes = [{"host": "127.0.0.1", "port": "7000"}]rc = StrictRedisCluster(startup_nodes=startup_nodes, decode_responses=True)rc.set("foo", "bar")print(rc.get("foo")) |
