Python模块——PrettyTable 模块
简介
PrettyTable 是python中的一个第三方库，可用来生成美观的ASCII格式的表格，十分实用。
安装
pip install prettytable
示例
从已有文件创建
CSV
from prettytable import from_csv
fp = open("mytable.csv", "r")
pt = from_csv(fp)
fp.close()
HTML
from prettytable import from_html pts = from_html(html_string)
SQL
from prettytable import from_db_cursor
db_cur.execute("SELECT * FROM mytable")
pt = from_db_cursor(db_cur)
按行添加数据
##按行添加数据 tb = pt.PrettyTable() tb.field_names = ["City name", "Area", "Population"] # 字段名 tb.add_row(["A1",125, 1158259]) # 增加行 tb.add_row(["B1",595, 1857594]) tb.add_row(["C1", 12, 120900]) tb.add_row(["D1", 135, 205556]) print(tb)
结果
+-----------+------+------------+ | City name | Area | Population | +-----------+------+------------+ | A1 | 125 | 1158259 | | B1 | 595 | 1857594 | | C1 | 12 | 120900 | | D1 | 135 | 205556 | +-----------+------+------------+
按列添加数据
## 按列添加数据
tb.add_column('index',[1,2,3,4])
print(tb)
输出结果
+-----------+------+------------+-------+ | City name | Area | Population | index | +-----------+------+------------+-------+ | A1 | 125 | 1158259 | 1 | | B1 | 595 | 1857594 | 2 | | C1 | 12 | 120900 | 3 | | D1 | 135 | 205556 | 4 | +-----------+------+------------+-------+
使用不同的输出风格
## 使用不同的输出风格
tb.set_style(pt.MSWORD_FRIENDLY)
print('--- style：MSWORD_FRIENDLY -----')
print(tb)
tb.set_style(pt.PLAIN_COLUMNS)
print('--- style：PLAIN_COLUMNS -----')
print(tb)
## 随机风格，每次不同
tb.set_style(pt.RANDOM)
print('--- style：RANDOM-----')
print(tb)
tb.set_style(pt.DEFAULT)
print('--- style：DEFAULT -----')
print(tb)
输出结果
--- style：MSWORD_FRIENDLY -----
| City name | Area | Population |
| A1 | 125 | 1158259 |
| B1 | 595 | 1857594 |
| C1 | 12 | 120900 |
| D1 | 135 | 205556 |
--- style：PLAIN_COLUMNS -----
City name Area Population
A1 125 1158259
B1 595 1857594
C1 12 120900
D1 135 205556
--- style：RANDOM-----
City name Area Population
A1 125 1158259
B1 595 1857594
C1 12 120900
D1 135 205556
--- style：DEFAULT -----
+-----------+------+------------+
| City name | Area | Population |
+-----------+------+------------+
| A1 | 125 | 1158259 |
| B1 | 595 | 1857594 |
| C1 | 12 | 120900 |
| D1 | 135 | 205556 |
+-----------+------+------------+
# 不打印，获取表格字符串
s = tb.get_string()
print(s)
# 写入到文件
with open('1.txt', 'a+') as f:
f.write(tb.get_string())
# 可以只获取指定列或行
s = tb.get_string(fields=["City name", "Population"],start=1,end=4)
print(s)
输出结果
+-----------+------+------------+ | City name | Area | Population | +-----------+------+------------+ | A1 | 125 | 1158259 | | B1 | 595 | 1857594 | | C1 | 12 | 120900 | | D1 | 135 | 205556 | +-----------+------+------------+ +-----------+------------+ | City name | Population | +-----------+------------+ | B1 | 1857594 | | C1 | 120900 | | D1 | 205556 | +-----------+------------+
自定义表格输出样式
## 自定义表格输出样式 ### 设定左对齐 tb.align = 'l' ### 设定数字输出格式 tb.float_format = "2.2" ### 设定边框连接符为'*" tb.junction_char = "*" ### 设定排序列 tb.sortby = "Population" ### 设定排序方式 tb.reversesort=True ### 设定左侧不填充空白字符 tb.left_padding_width = 0 print(tb)
输出结果
*----------*-----*-----------* |City name |Area |Population | *----------*-----*-----------* |B1 |595 |1857594 | |C1 |12 |120900 | |A1 |125 |115825.90 | |D1 |135 |20555.60 | *----------*-----*-----------*
## 不显示边框 tb.border = 0 print(tb) ## 修改边框分隔符 tb.set_style(pt.DEFAULT) tb.horizontal_char = '+' print(tb)
输出结果
City name Area Population B1 595 1857594 C1 12 120900 A1 125 115825.90 D1 135 20555.60 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ | City name | Area | Population | +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ | B1 | 595 | 1857594 | | C1 | 12 | 120900 | | A1 | 125 | 115825.90 | | D1 | 135 | 20555.60 | +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
#prettytable也支持输出HTML代码
s = tb.get_html_string() print(s)
输出结果
<table>
<tr>
<th>City name</th>
<th>Area</th>
<th>Population</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>B1</td>
<td>595</td>
<td>1857594</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C1</td>
<td>12</td>
<td>120900</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>A1</td>
<td>125</td>
<td>115825.90</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>D1</td>
<td>135</td>
<td>20555.60</td>
</tr>
</table>
手动控制样式
可调整选项
- border - 布尔类型参数（必须是True或False）。控制表格边框是否显示。
- header - 布尔类型参数（必须是True或False）。控制表格第一行是否作为表头显示。
- header-style - 控制表头信息的大小写。允许的参数值：“cap”（每个单词首字母大写），“title”（除了介词助词首字母大写），“lower”（全部小写）或者None（不改变原内容格式）。默认参数为None。
- hrules - 设置表格内部水平边线。允许的参数值：FRAME，ALL，NONE。注意这些是在prettytable模块内部定义的变量，在使用之前导入或用类似prettytable.FRAME的方法调用。
- vrules - 设置表格内部竖直边线。允许的参数值：FRAME，ALL，NONE。
- align - 水平对齐方式（None，“l”（左对齐），“c”（居中），“r”右对齐）
- valign - 垂直对齐方式（None，“t”（顶部对齐），“m”（居中），“b”底部对齐）
- int_format - 控制整型数据的格式。
- float_format - 控制浮点型数据的格式。
- padding_width - 列数据左右的空格数量。（当左右padding未设置时生效）
- left_padding_width - 列数据左侧的空格数量。
- right_padding_width - 列数据右侧的空格数量。
- vertical_char - 绘制竖直边线的字符，默认为“|”
- horizontal_char - 绘制水平边线的字符，默认为“-”
- junction_char - 绘制水平竖直交汇点的字符，默认为“+”
用法
# 1 x = PrettyTable() x.border = False x.header = False x.padding_width = 5 # 2 x = PrettyTable(border=False, header=False, padding_width=5) # 1 print(x.get_string(align="l")) # 2 x.align["City name"] = "l" x.align["Population"] = "c" x.align["Area"] = "r" # 3 x.align="l"
案例：从数据库提取数据
Oracle_utils.py
# 用于以清晰、可读的形式输出 Python 数据结构
from sys import modules
import sys
import os
import cx_Oracle
from DBUtils.PooledDB import PooledDB
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.append(BASE_DIR) # 加入环境变量
from utils import settings
from utils import my_logset
from utils.Time_utils import run_time
"""
通过PooledDB连接Oracle，并完成常用一些操作
"""
class Ora_util(object):
__pool = None # 连接池对象
_db_info = {
'user': settings.DB_USER,
'pwd': settings.DB_PASSWORD,
'dsn': settings.DB_SID
}
def __init__(self, db_info=_db_info, arraysize=500):
# 日志
self.db_log = my_logset.get_mylogger("oradb_access")
self.db_info = db_info
self.conn = Ora_util.__getConn(db_info)
self.cursor = self.conn.cursor()
# 每次从数据库向Python的缓存返回arraysize=100条记录
self.cursor.arraysize = arraysize
@staticmethod
def __getConn(db_info):
# 静态方法，从连接池中取出连接
if Ora_util.__pool is None:
__pool = PooledDB(cx_Oracle,
user=db_info['user'],
password=db_info['pwd'],
dsn=db_info['dsn'],
mincached=20,
maxcached=50)
return __pool.connection()
# 执行sql
@run_time
def execute(self, sql, args={}):
try:
self.db_log.debug('execute sql: {}'.format(sql))
return self.cursor.execute(sql, args)
except Exception as e:
self.close()
raise e
# oracle的参数名必须使用:代替，如 userid = :userid
def insertOne(self, table, column_dict):
column_dict = self.create_params(table, column_dict)
keys = ','.join(column_dict.keys())
values = column_dict.values()
placeholder = ','.join([':%s' % (v) for v in column_dict.keys()])
ins_sql = 'INSERT INTO %(table)s (%(keys)s) VALUES (%(placeholder)s)'
# print(ins_sql % locals())
self.execute(ins_sql % locals(), column_dict)
# 获取序列的下一个值，传入sequence的名称
def nextval(self, seq):
self.cursor.execute("SELECT %(seq)s.nextval from dual " % locals())
result = self.cursor.fetchall()
return result[0][0]
# 批量插入数据库，参数一：表名，参数二：['字段1','字段2',...],参数二：[('值1','值2',...),('值1','值2',...)]
def insertMany(self, table, columns=[], values=[]):
keys = ','.join(columns)
placeholder = ','.join([':%s' % (v) for v in columns])
ins_sql = 'INSERT INTO %(table)s (%(keys)s) VALUES(%(placeholder)s)'
self.executemany(ins_sql % locals(), values)
return self._get_rows_num()
test.py
import os
import sys
from sys import modules
from prettytable import PrettyTable
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
sys.path.append(BASE_DIR) # 加入环境变量
from utils.Oracle_utils import Ora_util
if __name__ == '__main__':
ora = Ora_util()
ora.execute("DROP TABLE python_modules PURGE")
create_table = """
CREATE TABLE python_modules (
module_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
file_path VARCHAR2(300) NOT NULL,
t_id INT NOT NULL
)
"""
# 执行创建表
create_flag = ora.execute(create_table)
# 得到表所有列
print(ora.get_columns('python_modules'))
# 添加模块信息
M = []
count = 1
for m_name, m_info in modules.items():
try:
M.append((m_name, m_info.__file__, count))
count += 1
except AttributeError:
pass
print(len(M))
print(ora.insertMany('python_modules',['module_name', 'file_path','t_id'],M))
ora.commit()
from prettytable import from_db_cursor
tb = from_db_cursor(ora.execute('select * from python_modules'))
### 设定左对齐
tb.align = 'l'
### 设定T_ID右对齐
tb.align["T_ID"]="r"
### 设定数字输出格式
tb.float_format = "2.2"
### 设定边框连接符为'*"
tb.junction_char = "*"
### 设定排序列
tb.sortby = "T_ID"
### 设定排序方式
tb.reversesort = True
### 设定左侧不填充空白字符
tb.left_padding_width = 0
print(tb)
输出结果
[2018-05-31 12:02:07 - DEBUG - oradb_access - Oracle_utils.py - execute- 99 ] execute sql: DROP TABLE python_modules PURGE
[2018-05-31 12:02:07 - DEBUG - runtime - Time_utils.py - decor- 51 ] func execute run 0.1400 s
[2018-05-31 12:02:07 - DEBUG - oradb_access - Oracle_utils.py - execute- 99 ] execute sql:
CREATE TABLE python_modules (
module_name VARCHAR2(50) NOT NULL,
file_path VARCHAR2(300) NOT NULL,
t_id INT NOT NULL
)
[2018-05-31 12:02:08 - DEBUG - runtime - Time_utils.py - decor- 51 ] func execute run 0.0620 s
[2018-05-31 12:02:08 - DEBUG - oradb_access - Oracle_utils.py - execute- 99 ] execute sql: select lower(column_name) column_name from user_tab_columns where table_name=upper('python_modules')
[2018-05-31 12:02:08 - DEBUG - runtime - Time_utils.py - decor- 51 ] func execute run 0.0030 s
[2018-05-31 12:02:08 - DEBUG - oradb_access - Oracle_utils.py - executemany- 139 ] executemany sql:INSERT INTO python_modules (module_name,file_path,t_id) VALUES(:module_name,:file_path,:t_id)
['module_name', 'file_path', 't_id']
[2018-05-31 12:02:08 - DEBUG - runtime - Time_utils.py - decor- 51 ] func executemany run 0.0650 s
[2018-05-31 12:02:08 - DEBUG - oradb_access - Oracle_utils.py - execute- 99 ] execute sql: select * from python_modules
[2018-05-31 12:02:08 - DEBUG - runtime - Time_utils.py - decor- 51 ] func execute run 0.0090 s
*------------------------------*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*-----*
|MODULE_NAME |FILE_PATH |T_ID |
*------------------------------*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*-----*
|utils.Time_utils |C:\Users\china\PycharmProjects\python_utils\utils\Time_utils.py | 87 |
|queue |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\queue.py | 86 |
|_compat_pickle |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\_compat_pickle.py | 85 |
|struct |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\struct.py | 84 |
|pickle |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\pickle.py | 83 |
|select |C:\Program Files\Python36\DLLs\select.pyd | 82 |
|selectors |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\selectors.py | 81 |
|_socket |C:\Program Files\Python36\DLLs\_socket.pyd | 80 |
|socket |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\socket.py | 79 |
|logging.handlers |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\logging\handlers.py | 78 |
|string |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\string.py | 77 |
|logging |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\logging\__init__.py | 76 |
|utils.my_logset |C:\Users\china\PycharmProjects\python_utils\utils\my_logset.py | 75 |
|utils.settings |C:\Users\china\PycharmProjects\python_utils\utils\settings.py | 74 |
|DBUtils.SteadyDB |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\DBUtils\SteadyDB.py | 73 |
|token |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\token.py | 72 |
|tokenize |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\tokenize.py | 71 |
|linecache |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\linecache.py | 70 |
|traceback |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\traceback.py | 69 |
|threading |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\threading.py | 68 |
|DBUtils.PooledDB |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\DBUtils\PooledDB.py | 67 |
|DBUtils |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\DBUtils\__init__.py | 66 |
|cx_Oracle |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\cx_Oracle.cp36-win_amd64.pyd | 65 |
|_decimal |C:\Program Files\Python36\DLLs\_decimal.pyd | 64 |
|numbers |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\numbers.py | 63 |
|decimal |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\decimal.py | 62 |
|datetime |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\datetime.py | 61 |
|utils.Oracle_utils |C:\Users\china\PycharmProjects\python_utils\utils\Oracle_utils.py | 60 |
|_markupbase |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\_markupbase.py | 59 |
|html.parser |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\html\parser.py | 58 |
|html.entities |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\html\entities.py | 57 |
|html |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\html\__init__.py | 56 |
|unicodedata |C:\Program Files\Python36\DLLs\unicodedata.pyd | 55 |
|textwrap |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\textwrap.py | 54 |
|bisect |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\bisect.py | 53 |
|_hashlib |C:\Program Files\Python36\DLLs\_hashlib.pyd | 52 |
|hashlib |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\hashlib.py | 51 |
|random |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\random.py | 50 |
|sre_constants |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\sre_constants.py | 49 |
|sre_parse |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\sre_parse.py | 48 |
|sre_compile |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\sre_compile.py | 47 |
|enum |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\enum.py | 46 |
|re |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\re.py | 45 |
|csv |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\csv.py | 44 |
|copyreg |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\copyreg.py | 43 |
|copy |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\copy.py | 42 |
|prettytable |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\site-packages\prettytable.py | 41 |
|encodings.cp437 |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\encodings\cp437.py | 40 |
|contextlib |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\contextlib.py | 39 |
|importlib.machinery |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\importlib\machinery.py | 38 |
|importlib.abc |C:\Program Files\Python36\lib\importlib\abc.py | 37 |
