iOS开发NSLayoutConstraint代码自动布局

1、NSLayoutConstraint简介

  适配界面大多用Masonry工具,也是基于NSLayoutConstraint写的!通过使用两个类方法实现自动布局:

+ (NSArray<__kindof NSLayoutConstraint *> *)constraintsWithVisualFormat:(NSString *)format
                                                                options:(NSLayoutFormatOptions)opts metrics:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)metrics
                                                                  views:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)views;

+(instancetype)constraintWithItem:(id)view1
                        attribute:(NSLayoutAttribute)attr1
                        relatedBy:(NSLayoutRelation)relation
                           toItem:(nullable id)view2
                        attribute:(NSLayoutAttribute)attr2
                       multiplier:(CGFloat)multiplier
                         constant:(CGFloat)c;

  1》使用自动布局之前设置view的自动布局约束为NO(view.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO)

  2》UIViewController有个方法- (void)updateViewConstraints;

    UIView有个方法- (void)updateConstraints;在对应的方法中设置自动布局;

 

2、如何使用constraintsWithVisualFormat和VFL语言

  2.1》constraintsWithVisualFormat方法说明:

+ (NSArray<__kindof NSLayoutConstraint *> *)constraintsWithVisualFormat:(NSString *)format
                                                                options:(NSLayoutFormatOptions)opts
                                                                metrics:(nullable NSDictionary<NSString *,id> *)metrics
                                                                  views:(NSDictionary<NSString *, id> *)views;

  方法说明:此方法通过VFL语言进行适配

  format:VFL语句字符串形式
  opts:枚举参数 NSLayoutFormatOptions
  metrics:字典 放置VFL语言用到的参数(例如height)对应key
  views:字典 放置VFL语言用到的view对应key

  2.2》VFL语言简介

    VFL(Visual Format Language)可视化格式语言,是苹果公司为了简化AutoLayout而编码推出的抽象语言。

具体表示方法:
水平方向        H:          垂直方向     V:      Views      [view]
关系      >=,==,<=         SuperView    |      空间,间隙-    -
优先级      @value        

  2.3》简单使用

    创建一个蓝色view,离父视图上左右距离为20px、高为20:

    UIView *blueView = [[UIView alloc] init];
    blueView.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor];
    blueView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
    [self.view addSubview:blueView];
    NSArray *arr = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-[blueView]-|"
                                                           options:0
                                                           metrics:nil
                                                             views:NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(blueView)];
    NSArray *arrV = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:|-[blueView(==height)]"
                                                            options:0
                                                            metrics:@{@"height":@"20"}
                                                              views:NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(blueView)];
    [self.view addConstraints:arr];
    [self.view addConstraints:arrV];

    在蓝色view下方创建一个黄色view,左右距离父视图40px、上边离蓝色view8px、高度为20px:

    UIView *yellowView = [[UIView alloc] init];
    yellowView.backgroundColor = [UIColor yellowColor];
    yellowView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
    [self.view addSubview:yellowView];
    NSArray *arr2 = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-40-[yellowView]-40-|"
                                                           options:0
                                                           metrics:nil
                                                             views:NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(yellowView)];
    NSArray *arr2V = [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:[blueView]-[yellowView(==height)]"
                                                            options:0
                                                            metrics:@{@"height":@"20"}
                                                              views:NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(blueView,yellowView)];
    [self.view addConstraints:arr2];
    [self.view addConstraints:arr2V];

    注意:-:在父视图中表示20px,同级视图表示8px;

       参数metrics和views要和VFL语言的参数对应,否则会崩溃;  

 

3、如何使用constraintWithItem方法

  3.1》constraintWithItem方法说明:

+(instancetype)constraintWithItem:(id)view1
                        attribute:(NSLayoutAttribute)attr1
                        relatedBy:(NSLayoutRelation)relation
                           toItem:(nullable id)view2
                        attribute:(NSLayoutAttribute)attr2
                       multiplier:(CGFloat)multiplier
                         constant:(CGFloat)c;
view1:设置的视图
attr1:view1设置的属性
relation:视图view1和view2的属性关系
view2:参照视图
attr2:view2设置的属性
multiplier:视图view1指定属性是view2指定属性的多少倍
c:view1指定属性需要添加的浮点数

  3.2》简单使用

    添加一个view位于父视图中心、宽度相等、高度为父视图一半:

    UIView *blueView = [[UIView alloc] init];
    blueView.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor];
    blueView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
    [self.view addSubview:blueView];
    NSMutableArray *constraints = [NSMutableArray array];
    [constraints addObject:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:blueView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:self.view attribute:NSLayoutAttributeWidth multiplier:1.0 constant:0.0]];
    [constraints addObject:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:blueView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:self.view attribute:NSLayoutAttributeHeight multiplier:.5 constant:0.0]];
    [constraints addObject:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:blueView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterY relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:self.view attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterY multiplier:1.0 constant:0.0]];
    [constraints addObject:[NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:blueView attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterX relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:self.view attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterX multiplier:1.0 constant:0.0]];
    [self.view addConstraints:constraints];

 

4、NSLayoutRelation、NSLayoutAttribute、NSLayoutFormatOptions枚举说明

  4.1》NSLayoutRelation说明:

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSLayoutRelation) {
    NSLayoutRelationLessThanOrEqual = -1, //视图关系小于或等于
    NSLayoutRelationEqual = 0,//视图关系等于
    NSLayoutRelationGreaterThanOrEqual = 1,//视图关系大于或等于
};

  4.2》NSLayoutAttribute说明:

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSLayoutAttribute) {
    NSLayoutAttributeLeft = 1,//视图的左边
    NSLayoutAttributeRight,//视图的右边
    NSLayoutAttributeTop,//视图的上边
    NSLayoutAttributeBottom,//视图的下边
    NSLayoutAttributeLeading,//视图的前边
    NSLayoutAttributeTrailing,//视图的后边
    NSLayoutAttributeWidth,//视图的宽度
    NSLayoutAttributeHeight,//视图的高度
    NSLayoutAttributeCenterX,//视图中心的X值
    NSLayoutAttributeCenterY,//视图中心的Y值
    NSLayoutAttributeLastBaseline,//视图的下基准线
    NSLayoutAttributeBaseline NS_SWIFT_UNAVAILABLE("Use 'lastBaseline' instead") = NSLayoutAttributeLastBaseline,
    NSLayoutAttributeFirstBaseline NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),//视图的上基准线
    NSLayoutAttributeLeftMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),//视图的左边距
    NSLayoutAttributeRightMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),//视图的右边距
    NSLayoutAttributeTopMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),//视图的上边距
    NSLayoutAttributeBottomMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),//视图的下边距
    NSLayoutAttributeLeadingMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),//视图的前边距
    NSLayoutAttributeTrailingMargin NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),//视图的后边距
    NSLayoutAttributeCenterXWithinMargins NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),//视图的中心X边距
    NSLayoutAttributeCenterYWithinMargins NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0),//视图的中心Y边距
    NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute = 0//无属性
};

  注意:NSLayoutAttributeLeading和NSLayoutAttributeTrailing表示前、后边,因为中国书写是从左向右。如果从右向左则表示后、前边;

       NSLayoutAttributeLastBaseline和NSLayoutAttributeFirstBaseline表示基准线,举例UILabel的上下基准线就是文字的上下边线;

  4.3》NSLayoutFormatOptions说明

typedef NS_OPTIONS(NSUInteger, NSLayoutFormatOptions) {
    NSLayoutFormatAlignAllLeft = (1 << NSLayoutAttributeLeft),//所有视图左边缘对齐。
    NSLayoutFormatAlignAllRight = (1 << NSLayoutAttributeRight),//所有视图右边缘对齐
    NSLayoutFormatAlignAllTop = (1 << NSLayoutAttributeTop),//所有视图顶部对齐
    NSLayoutFormatAlignAllBottom = (1 << NSLayoutAttributeBottom),//所有视图底部对齐
    NSLayoutFormatAlignAllLeading = (1 << NSLayoutAttributeLeading),//视图当前区域文字开始的边缘对齐(英文:左边,希伯来语:右边)
    NSLayoutFormatAlignAllTrailing = (1 << NSLayoutAttributeTrailing),//视图当前区域文字结束的边缘对齐(英文:右边,希伯来语:左边)
    NSLayoutFormatAlignAllCenterX = (1 << NSLayoutAttributeCenterX),//视图中心点x对齐
    NSLayoutFormatAlignAllCenterY = (1 << NSLayoutAttributeCenterY),//视图中心点y对齐
    NSLayoutFormatAlignAllLastBaseline = (1 << NSLayoutAttributeLastBaseline),//视图内容底部基线对齐、有文字就是文字底部
    NSLayoutFormatAlignAllBaseline NS_SWIFT_UNAVAILABLE("Use 'alignAllLastBaseline' instead") = NSLayoutFormatAlignAllLastBaseline,
    NSLayoutFormatAlignAllFirstBaseline NS_ENUM_AVAILABLE_IOS(8_0) = (1 << NSLayoutAttributeFirstBaseline),,//视图内容定部基线对齐、有文字就是文字顶部
    //根据编辑内容和编写方向方式进行对齐
    NSLayoutFormatAlignmentMask = 0xFFFF,
    NSLayoutFormatDirectionLeadingToTrailing = 0 << 16, // default
    NSLayoutFormatDirectionLeftToRight = 1 << 16,
    NSLayoutFormatDirectionRightToLeft = 2 << 16,
    NSLayoutFormatDirectionMask = 0x3 << 16,
    NSLayoutFormatSpacingEdgeToEdge API_AVAILABLE(ios(11.0),tvos(11.0)) = 0 << 19, // default
    NSLayoutFormatSpacingBaselineToBaseline API_AVAILABLE(ios(11.0),tvos(11.0)) = 1 << 19,
    NSLayoutFormatSpacingMask API_AVAILABLE(ios(11.0),tvos(11.0)) = 0x1 << 19,
};

 

posted @ 2018-04-23 11:25  ForeverGuard  阅读(419)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报