Centos MySQL 5.7安装、升级教程

MySQL 5.7安装、升级笔记分享：

卸载当前的 MySQL

查看当前 MySQL 版本：

1 2	[root@coderknock ~]# mysql -V mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (i386) using readline 5.1

停止 MySQL 服务

1 2	[root@coderknock ~]# service mysqld stop Stopping mysqld:      [ OK ]

备份数据【数据不重要可以忽略】

备份数据库，升级MySQL通常不会丢失数据，但保险起见，我们需要做这一步。输入命令：

[root@coderknock ~]# mysqldump -u xxx -h xxx -P 3306 -p --all-databases > databases.sql

卸载旧版本 MySQL

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[root@coderknock ~]# yum remove mysql mysql-* Loaded plugins: security Setting up Remove Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6 will be erased ---> Package mysql-libs.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6 will be erased --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16 for package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.i686 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16 for package: perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16) for package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.i686 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16) for package: perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.i686 --> Processing Dependency: mysql-libs for package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.i686 ---> Package mysql-server.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6 will be erased --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.i686 0:4.013-3.el6 will be erased ---> Package postfix.i686 2:2.6.6-6.el6_7.1 will be erased --> Processing Dependency: /usr/sbin/sendmail for package: cronie-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686 --> Processing Dependency: /usr/sbin/sendmail for package: redhat-lsb-core-4.0-7.el6.centos.i686 --> Running transaction check ---> Package cronie.i686 0:1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 will be erased --> Processing Dependency: cronie = 1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 for package: cronie-anacron-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686 ---> Package redhat-lsb-core.i686 0:4.0-7.el6.centos will be erased --> Running transaction check ---> Package cronie-anacron.i686 0:1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 will be erased --> Processing Dependency: /etc/cron.d for package: crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch --> Processing Dependency: /etc/cron.d for package: sysstat-9.0.4-31.el6.i686 --> Restarting Dependency Resolution with new changes. --> Running transaction check ---> Package crontabs.noarch 0:1.10-33.el6 will be erased ---> Package sysstat.i686 0:9.0.4-31.el6 will be erased --> Finished Dependency Resolution   Dependencies Resolved   =======================================================================================================================================================================================================  Package     Arch    Version     Repository        Size ======================================================================================================================================================================================================= Removing:  mysql     i686    5.1.73-7.el6     @base        2.3 M  mysql-libs     i686    5.1.73-7.el6     @base        3.9 M  mysql-server    i686    5.1.73-7.el6     @base        24 M Removing for dependencies:  cronie     i686    1.4.4-16.el6_8.2    @updates        169 k  cronie-anacron    i686    1.4.4-16.el6_8.2    @updates        38 k  crontabs     noarch    1.10-33.el6     @anaconda-CentOS-201311291201.i386/6.5    2.4 k  perl-DBD-MySQL    i686    4.013-3.el6     @base        341 k  postfix     i686    2:2.6.6-6.el6_7.1    @base        9.3 M  redhat-lsb-core    i686    4.0-7.el6.centos    @anaconda-CentOS-201311291201.i386/6.5    22 k  sysstat     i686    9.0.4-31.el6     @base        804 k   Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================================================================================= Remove 10 Package(s)   Installed size: 41 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction  Erasing : mysql-server-5.1.73-7.el6.i686                   1/10 warning: /var/log/mysqld.log saved as /var/log/mysqld.log.rpmsave  Erasing : redhat-lsb-core-4.0-7.el6.centos.i686                  2/10 /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.Y5QGjy: line 1: lsb_release: command not found  Erasing : mysql-5.1.73-7.el6.i686                    3/10  Erasing : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.i686                   4/10  Erasing : sysstat-9.0.4-31.el6.i686                    5/10  Erasing : crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch                   6/10  Erasing : cronie-anacron-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686                  7/10  Erasing : cronie-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686                   8/10  Erasing : 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.i686                   9/10  Erasing : mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.i686                   10/10  Verifying : redhat-lsb-core-4.0-7.el6.centos.i686                  1/10  Verifying : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.i686                   2/10  Verifying : mysql-server-5.1.73-7.el6.i686                   3/10  Verifying : crontabs-1.10-33.el6.noarch                   4/10  Verifying : sysstat-9.0.4-31.el6.i686                    5/10  Verifying : cronie-anacron-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686                  6/10  Verifying : cronie-1.4.4-16.el6_8.2.i686                   7/10  Verifying : mysql-libs-5.1.73-7.el6.i686                   8/10  Verifying : mysql-5.1.73-7.el6.i686                    9/10  Verifying : 2:postfix-2.6.6-6.el6_7.1.i686                   10/10   Removed:  mysql.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6     mysql-libs.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6     mysql-server.i686 0:5.1.73-7.el6       Dependency Removed:  cronie.i686 0:1.4.4-16.el6_8.2  cronie-anacron.i686 0:1.4.4-16.el6_8.2 crontabs.noarch 0:1.10-33.el6 perl-DBD-MySQL.i686 0:4.013-3.el6 postfix.i686 2:2.6.6-6.el6_7.1  redhat-lsb-core.i686 0:4.0-7.el6.centos sysstat.i686 0:9.0.4-31.el6    Complete!

这样就卸载完成了，为了保险起见我们检查一下系统中是否还有 MySQL 相关内容没有删除干净

1 2	[root@coderknock ~]# yum list installed | grep mysql [root@coderknock ~]#

上面的情况是没有未删除部分，如果有的话可通过下面的命令删除：

[root@coderknock ~]# yum remove mysql－libs

下载最新版本的 MySQL

查看系统配置信息选择对应 MySQL 包

1 2	[root@coderknock ~]# uname -r 3.10.104-1.el6.elrepo.i686

在浏览器打开 sohu提供的MySQL 镜像（官网速度太慢）

然后根据自己系统配置选择对应的 rpm 包，右键复制文件链接，我的选择如下：

下载并解压

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[root@coderknock ~]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm-bundle.tar --2017-01-06 22:46:15-- http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm-bundle.tar Resolving mirrors.sohu.com... 119.188.36.70 Connecting to mirrors.sohu.com|119.188.36.70|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 448163840 (427M) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: “mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm-bundle.tar”   100%[=============================================================================================================================================================>] 448,163,840 9.98M/s in 45s   2017-01-06 22:47:00 (9.54 MB/s) - “mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm-bundle.tar” saved [448163840/448163840] [root@coderknock ~]# tar xvf mysql-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm-bundle.tar mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm mysql-community-devel-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm mysql-community-test-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm mysql-community-embedded-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm

安装及配置

安装 rpm 【有依赖关系，请按下面的步骤安装，搜索 [root@coderknock ~]# 可跳过安装日志直接查看相关命令】

 

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[root@coderknock ~]# yum localinstall mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm Loaded plugins: security Setting up Local Package Process Examining mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm: mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686 Marking mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-common.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution   Dependencies Resolved   =======================================================================================================================================================================================================  Package      Arch    Version     Repository        Size ======================================================================================================================================================================================================= Installing:  mysql-community-common    i686    5.7.17-1.el6    /mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686    2.5 M   Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================================================================================= Install 1 Package(s)   Total size: 2.5 M Installed size: 2.5 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction  Installing : mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                  1/1  Verifying : mysql-community-common-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                  1/1   Installed:  mysql-community-common.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6                      Complete! [root@coderknock ~]# yum localinstall mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm Loaded plugins: security Setting up Local Package Process Examining mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm: mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686 Marking mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-libs.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution   Dependencies Resolved   =======================================================================================================================================================================================================  Package      Arch    Version     Repository        Size ======================================================================================================================================================================================================= Installing:  mysql-community-libs    i686    5.7.17-1.el6    /mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686    7.8 M   Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================================================================================= Install 1 Package(s)   Total size: 7.8 M Installed size: 7.8 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction  Installing : mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                  1/1  Verifying : mysql-community-libs-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                  1/1   Installed:  mysql-community-libs.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6                      Complete! [root@coderknock ~]# yum localinstall mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm Loaded plugins: security Setting up Local Package Process Examining mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm: mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686 Marking mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-client.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution   Dependencies Resolved   =======================================================================================================================================================================================================  Package      Arch    Version     Repository        Size ======================================================================================================================================================================================================= Installing:  mysql-community-client    i686    5.7.17-1.el6    /mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686    87 M   Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================================================================================= Install 1 Package(s)   Total size: 87 M Installed size: 87 M Is this ok [y/N]: ^[[A^Hy Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction  Installing : mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                  1/1  Verifying : mysql-community-client-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                  1/1   Installed:  mysql-community-client.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6                      Complete! [root@coderknock ~]# yum localinstall mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm Loaded plugins: security Setting up Local Package Process Examining mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm: mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686 Marking mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mysql-community-server.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution   Dependencies Resolved   =======================================================================================================================================================================================================  Package      Arch    Version     Repository        Size ======================================================================================================================================================================================================= Installing:  mysql-community-server    i686    5.7.17-1.el6    /mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686    695 M   Transaction Summary ======================================================================================================================================================================================================= Install 1 Package(s)   Total size: 695 M Installed size: 695 M Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction  Installing : mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                  1/1  Verifying : mysql-community-server-5.7.17-1.el6.i686                  1/1   Installed:  mysql-community-server.i686 0:5.7.17-1.el6                      Complete!

配置

查看版本

1 2	[root@coderknock ~]# mysql -V mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.17, for Linux (i686) using EditLine wrapper

启动 MySQL

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[root@coderknock ~]# service mysqld start MySQL Daemon failed to start. Starting mysqld:   [FAILED]

上面的情况说明启动失败，这是因为经过上面的步骤，MySQL 最新版已经安装到我们的系统了，但这是还没有初始化数据，所以导致无法启动。

初始化数据库

[root@coderknock ~]# mysqld --initialize

如果遇到错误如下：

2017-01-06T14:53:08.889803Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2017-01-06T14:53:08.892190Z 0 [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.
2017-01-06T14:53:08.892475Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

可以运行以下命令【无需再执行 mysqld --initialize】：

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[root@coderknock ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/mysql [root@coderknock ~]# service mysqld start Initializing MySQL database:  [ OK ] Installing validate password plugin: [ OK ] Starting mysqld:   [ OK ]

这样我们就启动了 MySQL 服务

MySQL 无法登陆的解决办法

登录时我遇到了一些问题：

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[root@coderknock ~]# mysql -u root -p Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)

这是因较新版本的 MySQL 因为安全的考虑，会设置默认密码

1 2	[root@coderknock ~]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log 2017-01-06T14:53:33.490540Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Ei(GLix_p6/1

这样就找到了密码，如果上面方法不可行可以看看是否有 /root/.mysql_secret 文件

或者通过以下方法直接修改密码：

 

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[root@coderknock ~]# service mysqld stop Stopping mysqld:      [ OK ] [root@coderknock ~]# mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking & [1] 14208 [root@coderknock ~]# 2017-01-06T15:02:18.663496Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'. 2017-01-06T15:02:18.666764Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/var/log/mysqld.log'. 2017-01-06T15:02:18.693025Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql ^C [root@coderknock ~]# mysql -u root mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A   Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.17 MySQL Community Server (GPL)   Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.   Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.   Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.   mysql>update mysql.user set authentication_string=password('你的密码.') where User='root'; Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1 mysql> flush privileges; mysql> update mysql.user set Host='%' where User='root' Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 1 mysql> flush privileges;

注意SQL在Linux下要注意大小写，执行之后Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)，row 之前是1才代表执行成功了。update mysql.user set Host='%' where User='root' 这句是为了别的 IP 的机器也可以登录我们的MySQL，可以按需执行

重置密码

无论是获取到了默认密码还是强行修改了密码。新版 MySQL 在第一次通过密码登录后会无法执行SQL：

1 2	mysql> select host from mysql.user where User='root'; ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.

这是因为 MySQL 为了安全会要求修改初始密码。

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '你的密码';

如果遇到ERROR 1819 (HY000): Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements说明你的密码太简单，需要设置复杂点的密码，有大小写字母、有数字、有标点基本上就可以通过。
注意，如果你没有修改过 root 用户的Host或者修改为非 % 的字符，需要对上面的语句进行对应的修改，例如： ALTER USER ‘root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY ‘你的密码'

如果遇到ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --skip-grant-tables option so it cannot execute this statement 则需要退出安全模式，正常启动MySQL后登陆再进行以上操作：

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mysql> quit [root@coderknock ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql root 14208 12686 0 23:02 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking mysql 14381 14208 0 23:02 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking --log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock root 15148 12686 0 23:23 pts/0 00:00:00 grep mysql [root@coderknock ~]# kill -9 114208 -bash: kill: (114208) - No such process [root@coderknock ~]# kill -9 14208 [1]+ Killed   mysqld_safe --user=mysql --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking [root@coderknock ~]# kill -9 1438 [root@coderknock ~]# service mysqld start [root@coderknock ~]# mysql -u root mysql

2 安装步骤

2.1 更新 yum

在使用yum安装 MySQL 前，先更新 yum

yum update -y

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2.2 添加 MySQL 的 yum 仓库源

Mysql 仓库源地址: https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

选择 CentOS 7 版本的 mysql 源

对应的命令操作为:
安装 wget 工具:

sudo yum install -y wget 

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使用 wget 下载 mysql yum 源:

wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

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添加 mysql yum 源(在 wget 的下载目录,紧接着上一命令,则无需调整):

sudo yum localinstall mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm

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安装 yum 工具 yum-utils :

sudo yum install -y yum-utils

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查看可用的 mysql :

yum repolist enabled | grep "mysql.*-community.*"

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此时会看到当前可用的 MySQL 版本为 mysql80, 这是因为最新 mysql 最新版为 8.0 版本

3 选择指定的 mysql 版本

3.1 查看所有的 mysql 版本

yum repolist all | grep mysql

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查询结果:

3.2 启用指定版本的 mysql

在 2.2 中可以看到目前启用(enable)的是 mysql80,如果需要安装 mysql 5.7 ,则需要先禁用(disable) mysql8.0,然后启用(enable)mysql5.7
禁用 mysql8.0:

sudo yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community

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启用 mysql 5.7

sudo yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community

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校验当前启用(enable)的 mysql 版本是否为 5.7:

yum repolist enabled | grep mysql

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查询结果:

从结果中可以看出，当前启用的 mysql 版本为 5.7,没有问题

4 安装 mysql

在步骤 3 中已经设置启用的mysql版本为 5.7,接下来则直接进行安装

安装 mysql

sudo yum install -y mysql-community-server

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待命令执行结束，安装即完成
启动 mysql 服务:

sudo service mysqld start

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查看 mysql 服务状态:

sudo service mysqld status

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5 MySQL 初始化设置

从 MySQL 5.7 开始，mysql 安装之后，会默认随机生成一个临时密码,因此登录之后需要修改密码

查看生成的初始密码:

sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

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使用初始密码进行登录:

mysql -u root -p

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登录成功之后设置新密码:

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';

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注意: 设置的新密码必须包含大写字母、小写字母、数字、标点符号，且密码长度至少为 8

密码设置之后安装即完成

6 设置 MySQL开机启动

MySLQ 安装完成之后运行的服务名称为: mysqld
CentOS 7 使用 systemctl 命令工具操作服务:

启动	停止	重启	开机启动	关闭开机启动
start	stop	restart	enable	disable

开机启动命令:

systemctl enable mysqld

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7 设置远程连接

登录 mysql(使用新设置的密码)

mysql -u root -p

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登录成功之后执行以下命令:

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'yourNewPassword' WITH GRANT OPTION;

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其中 yourNewPassword 即为刚才设置的新密码
刷新权限

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

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到这里远程连接已经设置成功

8 配置文件

mysql 的配置文件目录为:

/etc/my.cnf

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9 推荐参考文档

官方文档 Installing MySQL on Linux Using the MySQL Yum Repository

How to allow remote connection to mysql

 

卸载方法：

1.快速删除

yum remove  mysql mysql-server mysql-libs mysql-server

2.查找残留文件

rpm -qa | grep -i mysql

3. 将查询出来的文件逐个删除，如：

yum remove mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el6.x86_64

4.查找残留目录

whereis mysql

5. 逐条删除目录，如：

rm –rf /usr/lib64/mysql

上述做完后，最好重新查询相关内容，防止漏删