六月八日实验
实验一
思考:将line34改成n = i,运行结果与之前不同的原因是feof()是判断文件结束的函数,结束时返回1,未结束是返回0。而最后一个有效字符不一定是文件的最后一个字符。如出现 “空格”或“回车”等字符时feof()依然返回1,故在此文件的条件下需要将n设为i-1.
实验二
略
实验三
略
实验四
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main() { FILE *fp; int x = 0; char ch; if((fp = fopen("d:\\data4.txt", "r")) == NULL) { printf("Fail to initialize\n"); exit(0); } ch = fgetc(fp); while(ch != EOF) { if(ch != ' ' && ch != '\n') x++; ch = fgetc(fp); } printf("data4.txt中共包含字符数(不计空白符):%d\n", x); return 0; }
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实验五
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define N 10 typedef struct { long int id; char name[20]; float objective; // 客观题得分 float subjective; // 操作题得分 float sum; char level[10]; } STU; // 函数声明 void input(STU s[], int n); void output(STU s[], int n); void process(STU s[], int n); int main() { STU stu[N]; printf("从文件读入%d个考生信息: 准考证号,姓名,客观题得分(<=40),操作题得分(<=60)\n", N); input(stu, N); printf("\n对考生信息进行处理: 计算总分,确定等级\n"); process(stu, N); printf("\n打印考生完整信息, 并保存到文件中"); output(stu, N); return 0; } // 从文本文件examinee.txt读入考生信息:准考证号,姓名,客观题得分,操作题得分 void input(STU s[], int n) { int i; FILE *fin; fin = fopen("d:\\examinee.txt", "r"); if (fin == NULL) { printf("fail to open file\n"); exit(0); } while (!feof(fin)) { for (i = 0; i < n; i++) fscanf(fin, "%ld %s %f %f", &s[i].id, s[i].name, &s[i].objective, &s[i].subjective); } fclose(fin); } // 输出考生完整信息: 准考证号,姓名,客观题得分,操作题得分,总分,等级 // 不仅输出到屏幕上,还写到文本文件result.txt中 void output(STU s[], int n) { FILE *fout; int i; // 输出到屏幕 printf("\n"); printf("准考证号\t姓名\t客观题得分\t操作题得分\t总分\t\t等级\n"); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) printf("%ld\t\t%s\t%.2f\t\t%.2f\t\t%.2f\t\t%s\n", s[i].id, s[i].name, s[i].objective, s[i].subjective, s[i].sum, s[i].level); // 保存到文件 fout = fopen("result.txt", "w"); if (!fout) { printf("fail to open or create result.txt\n"); exit(0); } fprintf(fout, "准考证号\t\t姓名\t客观题得分\t操作题得分\t总分\t\t等级\n"); for (i = 0; i < n; i++) fprintf(fout, "%ld\t\t%s\t%.2f\t\t%.2f\t\t%.2f\t\t%s\n", s[i].id, s[i].name, s[i].objective, s[i].subjective, s[i].sum, s[i].level); fclose(fout); } // 对考生信息进行处理:计算总分,排序,确定等级 void process(STU s[], int n) { int i, j; STU temp; for(i = 0; i < n; i++) s[i].sum = s[i].objective + s[i].subjective; for(i = 0; i < n-1; i++) for(j = 0; j < n-1-i; j++) if(s[j].sum < s[j+1].sum) { temp = s[j]; s[j] = s[j+1]; s[j+1] = temp; } for(i = 0; i < n; i++) { if(i < n*0.1) strcpy(s[i].level,"优秀"); else if(i <n*0.5 && i >= n*0.1) strcpy(s[i].level,"合格"); else strcpy(s[i].level,"不及格"); } }
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实验六
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> #include <string.h> #define n 5 typedef struct { long int num; char name[20]; char clas[20]; }STU; int main() { STU s[n], r[5]; FILE *fp1, *fp2; int i, j, k = 0; long int max, min; long int a; printf("调整班级人数为%d(便于验证非重复性)\n", n); fp1 = fopen("d:\\list.txt", "r"); if (fp1 == NULL) { printf("fail to open file\n"); exit(0); } fp2 = fopen("d:\\lucky.txt", "w"); if (fp2 == NULL) { printf("fail to open file\n"); exit(0); } for(i = 0; i < n; i++) fscanf(fp1, "%ld %s %s", &s[i].num, s[i].name, s[i].clas); min = s[0].num; max = s[n-1].num; srand(time(0)); for(i = 0; i < 5; i++) { a = rand () % (max - min +1) + min; for(k = 0; k <= i; k++) { if(a == r[k].num) { i--; break; } else if(k == i) { for(j = 0; j < n; j++) if(s[j].num == a) { r[i] = s[j]; break; } } } } for(i = 0; i < 5; i++) { printf("%7ld %-7s %7s\n", r[i].num, r[i].name, r[i].clas); fprintf(fp2, "%7ld %-7s %7s\n", r[i].num, r[i].name, r[i].clas); } return 0; }
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注释:由于时间,未对文件名进行时间化,以后一定尝试。若要完整地验证程序,将全局变量n值改为80即可。