如何使用 vscode 搭建 Django Restful API 开发环境 All In One

vscode + Django (Python)

demos

DRF

https://github.com/encode/django-rest-framework

Django REST framework is a powerful and flexible toolkit for building Web APIs.

settings.py module:

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    # Use Django's standard `django.contrib.auth` permissions,
    # or allow read-only access for unauthenticated users.
    'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': [
        'rest_framework.permissions.DjangoModelPermissionsOrAnonReadOnly'
    ]
}

urls.py module:


from django.urls import path, include
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from rest_framework import routers, serializers, viewsets

# Serializers define the API representation.
class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ['url', 'username', 'email', 'is_staff']

# ViewSets define the view behavior.
class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    queryset = User.objects.all()
    serializer_class = UserSerializer

# Routers provide an easy way of automatically determining the URL conf.
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', UserViewSet)

# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API.
urlpatterns = [
    path('', include(router.urls)),
    path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
]

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Quickstart

# Create the project directory
$ mkdir tutorial
$ cd tutorial

# Create a virtual environment to isolate our package dependencies locally
$ python3 -m venv env
# On Windows use `env\Scripts\activate`
$ source env/bin/activate

# Install Django and Django REST framework into the virtual environment
$ pip install django
$ pip install djangorestframework

# Set up a new project with a single application
# Note the trailing `.` character
$ django-admin startproject tutorial .
$ cd tutorial
$ django-admin startapp quickstart
$ cd ..

$ pwd
<some path>/tutorial
$ find .
.
./tutorial
./tutorial/asgi.py
./tutorial/__init__.py
./tutorial/quickstart
./tutorial/quickstart/migrations
./tutorial/quickstart/migrations/__init__.py
./tutorial/quickstart/models.py
./tutorial/quickstart/__init__.py
./tutorial/quickstart/apps.py
./tutorial/quickstart/admin.py
./tutorial/quickstart/tests.py
./tutorial/quickstart/views.py
./tutorial/settings.py
./tutorial/urls.py
./tutorial/wsgi.py
./env
./env/...
./manage.py

$ python manage.py migrate

$ python manage.py createsuperuser --username admin --email admin@example.com

tutorial/quickstart/serializers.py

from django.contrib.auth.models import Group, User
from rest_framework import serializers


class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = User
        fields = ['url', 'username', 'email', 'groups']


class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Group
        fields = ['url', 'name']

tutorial/quickstart/views.py

from django.contrib.auth.models import Group, User
from rest_framework import permissions, viewsets

from tutorial.quickstart.serializers import GroupSerializer, UserSerializer


class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """
    API endpoint that allows users to be viewed or edited.
    """
    queryset = User.objects.all().order_by('-date_joined')
    serializer_class = UserSerializer
    permission_classes = [permissions.IsAuthenticated]


class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
    """
    API endpoint that allows groups to be viewed or edited.
    """
    queryset = Group.objects.all()
    serializer_class = GroupSerializer
    permission_classes = [permissions.IsAuthenticated]

tutorial/urls.py

from django.urls import include, path
from rest_framework import routers

from tutorial.quickstart import views

router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)

# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API.
urlpatterns = [
    path('', include(router.urls)),
    path('api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
]

urlpatterns += router.urls

tutorial/settings.py

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_PAGINATION_CLASS': 'rest_framework.pagination.PageNumberPagination',
    'PAGE_SIZE': 10
}

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    # ...
    'rest_framework',
]

$ python manage.py runserver

# curl
bash: curl -u admin -H 'Accept: application/json; indent=4' http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/
Enter host password for user 'admin':
{
    "count": 1,
    "next": null,
    "previous": null,
    "results": [
        {
            "url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/",
            "username": "admin",
            "email": "admin@example.com",
            "groups": []
        }
    ]
}

bash: http -a admin http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/
http: password for admin@127.0.0.1:8000:: 
$HTTP/1.1 200 OK
...
{
    "count": 1,
    "next": null,
    "previous": null,
    "results": [
        {
            "email": "admin@example.com",
            "groups": [],
            "url": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/1/",
            "username": "admin"
        }
    ]
}

https://httpie.io/docs#installation

http://127.0.0.1:8000/users/