How to Control an External USB Web Camera Using a Raspberry Pi All In One

如何使用树莓派控制外接 USB 网络摄像头

$ lsusb

$ ls -alth /dev/video*

#!/usr/bin/env bash

# SH_DATE
DATE=$(date +"%Y-%m-%d_%H%M")

# 720P 照片，定时拍摄 corntab
fswebcam -r 1280x720 --no-banner /home/pi/webcam/$DATE.jpg

$ chmod +x webcam.sh
$ ./webcam.sh

# 定时拍摄 corntab
$ corntab -l
$ cornatb -e
# * * * * * /home/pi/webcam.sh 2>&1

# 开机自动拍摄 rc.local
# Raspberry Pi /etc/rc.local
$ cat /etc/rc.local

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/accessories/camera.html

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/camera_software.html#getting-started

https://github.com/raspberrypi/libcamera-apps

Raspberry Pi camera

python3-picamera2

/boot/config.txt

https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/camera/picamera2-manual.pdf

https://projects.raspberrypi.org/en/projects/getting-started-with-picamera

https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/camera-module-v2/

https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/camera-module-3/

Raspberry Pi /etc/rc.local

$ sudo vim /etc/rc.local

# Raspberry PI 设置开机自动拍摄脚本
# 自动发送 Base64 图片到钉钉群消息 🚀
su pi -c "exec /home/pi/web-camera.sh"
# 自动上传图片到云网盘 🚀🚀
su pi -c "exec /home/pi/web-camera-cloud.sh"
# 自动上传图片到本地 NAS 🚀🚀🚀
su pi -c "exec /home/pi/web-camera-nas.sh"

# Raspberry PI 设置开机自启动脚本
# 自动发送 IP 地址到钉钉群消息 🚀
su pi -c "exec /home/pi/dd-ip-notice-robot.sh"

cat /etc/rc.local
#!/bin/sh -e
#
# rc.local
#
# This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel.
# Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other
# value on error.
#
# In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution
# bits.
#
# By default this script does nothing.

# Print the IP address
_IP=$(hostname -I) || true
if [ "$_IP" ]; then
  printf "My IP address is %s\n" "$_IP"
fi

# 禁用电源关闭
iwconfig wlan0 power off

# Raspberry PI 设置开机自启动脚本
# 自动发送 IP 地址到钉钉群消息 🚀

# 绝对路径错误 ❌
# su pi -c "exec /home/pi/dd-ip-notice-robot.sh"
su pi -c "exec /home/pi/Desktop/dd-ip-notice-robot.sh"

exit 0

https://www.cnblogs.com/xgqfrms/p/16485330.html

https://gist.github.com/xgqfrms/bae96dd2e1b8ee766867c430c65c609b

fswebcam

# 安装驱动程序, USB 摄像头
$ sudo apt-get install fswebcam

$ man fswebcam
$ man fswebcam > man-fswebcam.md


$ fswebcam --help
$ fswebcam -h

Usage: fswebcam [<options>] <filename> [[<options>] <filename> ... ]

 Options:

 -?, --help                   Display this help page and exit.
 -c, --config <filename>      Load configuration from file.
 -q, --quiet                  Hides all messages except for errors.
 -v, --verbose                Displays extra messages while capturing
     --version                Displays the version and exits.
 -l, --loop <seconds>         Run in loop mode.
 -b, --background             Run in the background.
 -o, --output <filename>      Output the log to a file.
 -d, --device <name>          Sets the source to use.
 -i, --input <number/name>    Selects the input to use.
 -t, --tuner <number>         Selects the tuner to use.
 -f, --frequency <number>     Selects the frequency use.
 -p, --palette <name>         Selects the palette format to use.
 -D, --delay <number>         Sets the pre-capture delay time. (seconds)
 -r, --resolution <size>      Sets the capture resolution.
     --fps <framerate>        Sets the capture frame rate.
 -F, --frames <number>        Sets the number of frames to capture.
 -S, --skip <number>          Sets the number of frames to skip.
     --dumpframe <filename>   Dump a raw frame to file.
 -s, --set <name>=<value>     Sets a control value.
     --revert                 Restores original captured image.
     --flip <direction>       Flips the image. (h, v)
     --crop <size>[,<offset>] Crop a part of the image.
     --scale <size>           Scales the image.
     --rotate <angle>         Rotates the image in right angles.
     --deinterlace            Reduces interlace artifacts.
     --invert                 Inverts the images colours.
     --greyscale              Removes colour from the image.
     --swapchannels <c1c2>    Swap channels c1 and c2.
     --no-banner              Hides the banner.
     --top-banner             Puts the banner at the top.
     --bottom-banner          Puts the banner at the bottom. (Default)
     --banner-colour <colour> Sets the banner colour. (#AARRGGBB)
     --line-colour <colour>   Sets the banner line colour.
     --text-colour <colour>   Sets the text colour.
     --font <[name][:size]>   Sets the font and/or size.
     --no-shadow              Disables the text shadow.
     --shadow                 Enables the text shadow.
     --title <text>           Sets the main title. (top left)
     --no-title               Clears the main title.
     --subtitle <text>        Sets the sub-title. (bottom left)
     --no-subtitle            Clears the sub-title.
     --timestamp <format>     Sets the timestamp format. (top right)
     --no-timestamp           Clears the timestamp.
     --gmt                    Use GMT instead of local timezone.
     --info <text>            Sets the info text. (bottom right)
     --no-info                Clears the info text.
     --underlay <PNG image>   Sets the underlay image.
     --no-underlay            Clears the underlay.
     --overlay <PNG image>    Sets the overlay image.
     --no-overlay             Clears the overlay.
     --jpeg <factor>          Outputs a JPEG image. (-1, 0 - 95)
     --png <factor>           Outputs a PNG image. (-1, 0 - 10)
     --save <filename>        Save image to file.
     --exec <command>         Execute a command and wait for it to complete.

https://github.com/fsphil/fswebcam

http://www.sanslogic.co.uk/fswebcam/

# Take a picture
$ fswebcam [filename]

# Take a picture with custom resolution, -r 指定分辨率/尺寸大小🌠
$ fswebcam -r [width]x[height] [filename]

# Take a picture from selected device(Default is /dev/video0), -d 指定摄像头 📸
$ fswebcam -d [device] [filename]

# Take a picture with timestamp(timestamp string is formatted by strftime)，设置时间戳 ⏰
$ fswebcam --timestamp [timestamp] [filename]

https://linuxcommandlibrary.com/man/fswebcam

`FTP` / `SFTP`

FileZilla

$ ifconfig | grep 192
        inet 192.168.18.135  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.18.255
# sftp 22
sftp://192.168.18.135 ✅

sftp://192.168.1.135 ❌

https://www.cnblogs.com/xgqfrms/p/17267400.html

demos

pi@raspberrypi:~/Desktop $ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 046d:0825 Logitech, Inc. Webcam C270
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Microchip Technology, Inc. (formerly SMSC) SMSC9512/9514 Fast Ethernet Adapter
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9514 Microchip Technology, Inc. (formerly SMSC) SMC9514 Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

pi@raspberrypi:~/Desktop $ ls -alth /dev/video*
crw-rw----+ 1 root video 81, 13 May 27 09:33 /dev/video0
crw-rw----+ 1 root video 81, 14 May 27 09:33 /dev/video1
# ...

# Webcam C270
$ /dev/video0
$ /dev/video1

树莓派支持两种类型的摄像头：
一种是 Raspberry Pi 官方的 Camera Module;
另一种是第三方的 USB 摄像头/ USB Web 摄像头;

# 1. Raspberry Pi 官方的摄像头模块，在终端可以直接使用 raspivid 和 raspistill 操作
$ raspivid
$ raspistill

$ sudo raspi-config

# 2. USB 摄像头, 安装驱动程序
$ sudo apt-get install fswebcam

# test
$ fswebcam --no-banner -r 640*480 camera-test.jpg
--- Opening /dev/video0...
Trying source module v4l2...
/dev/video0 opened.
No input was specified, using the first.
Adjusting resolution from 640x-1 to 640x480.
--- Capturing frame...
Captured frame in 0.00 seconds.
--- Processing captured image...
Disabling banner.
Writing JPEG image to 'camera-test.jpg'.

C270i 的 720P 固定对焦有点模糊呀 💩

焦距 30cm 左右

# 通配符 `*` 两边有空格，导致所有文件被覆盖 bug ❌
# $ fswebcam --no-banner -r 1280 * 720 camera-test.jpg ❌

GitHub 备份文件找回 ✅ https://github.com/xgqfrms/Raspberry-Pi

Linux 如何恢复被覆盖的文件? (数据还原)

# test 720P ❓
$ fswebcam --no-banner -r 1280*720 camera-test.jpg
--- Opening /dev/video0...
Trying source module v4l2...
/dev/video0 opened.
No input was specified, using the first.
Adjusting resolution from 1280x-1 to 1280x960.
--- Capturing frame...
Captured frame in 0.00 seconds.
--- Processing captured image...
Disabling banner.
Writing JPEG image to 'camera-test.jpg'.

焦距 60cm 左右

最佳对焦距离 1m 左右 ✅

$ fswebcam --no-banner -r 1280*960 camera-test.jpg

$ fswebcam --no-banner -r 1920*1080 camera-test.jpg

`locale` errors

$ locale
# man: can't set the locale; make sure $LC_* and $LANG are correct ❌

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USB 网络摄像头

罗技 C270i 高清网络摄像头 (视频120万像素，照片 300 万像素)

1280 x 720 => 720P

1280 * 720
// 921600 不足 100 万， 90 万 ✅

¥93 RMB ✅ (JD)

https://wiki.smzdm.com/p/gxz8yqe/

罗技 C270 ❌

Max Resolution: 720p/30fps
Camera mega pixel: 0.9 ✅ (0.9 百万)
Focus type: fixed focus
Lens type: plastic
Built-in mic: Mono
Mic range: Up to 3 ft (1 m)
Diagonal field of view (dFoV): 55°
Universal mounting clip fits laptops, LCD or monitors

https://www.logitech.com.cn/zh-cn/products/webcams/c270-hd-webcam.960-000625.html
https://www.logitech.com/en-us/products/webcams/c270-hd-webcam.960-001063.html
https://www.logitech.com/en-eu/products/webcams/c270-hd-webcam.960-001063.html