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use SSH to connect to Raspberry Pi methods All In One

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use SSH to connect to Raspberry Pi methods All In One

Raspberry Pi

user@hostname

# 无需知道 Raspberry Pi 的 IP Address， 即可使用 SSH 连接 👍
$ ssh pi@raspberrypi.local


$ ssh eric@raspberrypi.local

# username@hostname ✅
$ ssh eric@rpi4b.local

https://www.cnblogs.com/xgqfrms/p/17482487.html

user@hostip

# 需要使用 Wi-Fi Router / Nmap 等扫描工具获取 IP Address 👎
$ ssh pi@192.168.18.135

image

hostname

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ hostname -h
Usage: hostname [-b] {hostname|-F file}         set host name (from file)
       hostname [-a|-A|-d|-f|-i|-I|-s|-y]       display formatted name
       hostname                                 display host name

       {yp,nis,}domainname {nisdomain|-F file}  set NIS domain name (from file)
       {yp,nis,}domainname                      display NIS domain name

       dnsdomainname                            display dns domain name

       hostname -V|--version|-h|--help          print info and exit

Program name:
       {yp,nis,}domainname=hostname -y
       dnsdomainname=hostname -d

Program options:
    -a, --alias            alias names
    -A, --all-fqdns        all long host names (FQDNs)
    -b, --boot             set default hostname if none available
    -d, --domain           DNS domain name
    -f, --fqdn, --long     long host name (FQDN)
    -F, --file             read host name or NIS domain name from given file
    -i, --ip-address       addresses for the host name
    -I, --all-ip-addresses all addresses for the host
    -s, --short            short host name
    -y, --yp, --nis        NIS/YP domain name

Description:
   This command can get or set the host name or the NIS domain name. You can
   also get the DNS domain or the FQDN (fully qualified domain name).
   Unless you are using bind or NIS for host lookups you can change the
   FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) and the DNS domain name (which is
   part of the FQDN) in the /etc/hosts file.
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ hostname -I
192.168.18.135 fd80:eae6:1258:0:d1c5:2a7f:abad:cbb5 
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ hostname -i
127.0.1.1
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ hostname
raspberrypi
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ hostname -d
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ hostname -a

pi@raspberrypi:~ $

image

# macOS
➜  make git:(main) hostname
xgqfrms-mm.local
$ hostname -d
local
$ hostname -s
xgqfrms-mm
$ hostname -f
xgqfrms-mm.local

➜  make git:(main) man hostname
➜  make git:(main) hostname -h 
hostname: illegal option -- h
usage: hostname [-f] [-s | -d] [name-of-host]

image

HOSTNAME(1)               General Commands Manual               HOSTNAME(1)

NAME
     hostname – set or print name of current host system

SYNOPSIS
     hostname [-f] [-s | -d] [name-of-host]

DESCRIPTION
     The hostname utility prints the name of the current host.
     The super-user can set the hostname by supplying an argument.
     To keep the hostname between reboots, run ‘scutil --set HostName name-of-host’.

     Options:

     -f    Include domain information in the printed name.  This is the default behavior.

     -s    Trim off any domain information from the printed name.

     -d    Only print domain information.

EXAMPLES
     Set the host name of the machine and check the result:

           $ hostname beastie.localdomain.org
           $ hostname
           beastie.localdomain.org

     Do not show domain information:

           $ hostname -s
           beastie

     Show only domain information:

           $ hostname -d
           localdomain.org

SEE ALSO
     gethostname(3), scutil(8)

HISTORY
     The hostname command appeared in 4.2BSD.

macOS 13.1             October 5, 2020         macOS 13.1

errors ❌

# fix hostname domain lost error ❌
$ ssh pi@raspberrypi.local



$ sudo vim /etc/hosts

$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1	localhost
::1		localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1		ip6-allnodes
ff02::2		ip6-allrouters

127.0.1.1	raspberrypi
# .local 不好使❌
# 192.168.18.135 raspberrypi.local

# github
20.205.243.166 github.com

185.199.108.133 raw.githubusercontent.com

solutions ✅

mDNS

multicast 组播

Resolving raspberrypi.local with mDNS
On Raspberry Pi OS, multicast DNS is supported out-of-the-box by the Avahi service.

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/remote-access.html#ip-address

ip6-localnet & ip6-mcastprefix

ff00::0		ip6-localnet
ff00::0		ip6-mcastprefix

丢失了ip6-localnet & ip6-mcastprefix ✅

$ cat /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1	localhost
::1		localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
# fix 丢失 hostname.local  ✅
ff00::0		ip6-localnet
ff00::0		ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1		ip6-allnodes
ff02::2		ip6-allrouters

127.0.1.1	raspberrypi

# github
20.205.243.166 github.com
185.199.108.133 raw.githubusercontent.com

image

Avahi

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade

# mDNS
$ sudo apt-get install avahi-daemon

https://www.avahi.org/

https://github.com/lathiat/avahi/issues

bonjour
https://www.apple.com/macosx/features/bonjour/

$ avahi-daemon --help
avahi-daemon [options]
    -h --help          Show this help
    -D --daemonize     Daemonize after startup (implies -s)
    -s --syslog        Write log messages to syslog(3) instead of STDERR
    -k --kill          Kill a running daemon
    -r --reload        Request a running daemon to reload static services
    -c --check         Return 0 if a daemon is already running
    -V --version       Show version
    -f --file=FILE     Load the specified configuration file instead of
                       /etc/avahi/avahi-daemon.conf
       --no-rlimits    Don't enforce resource limits
       --no-drop-root  Don't drop privileges
       --no-chroot     Don't chroot()
       --no-proc-title Don't modify process title
       --debug         Increase verbosity


$ cat /etc/avahi/avahi-daemon.conf

# This file is part of avahi.
#
# avahi is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
# under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
# published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
# License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
# avahi is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
# ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY
# or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public
# License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
# License along with avahi; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307
# USA.

# See avahi-daemon.conf(5) for more information on this configuration
# file!

[server]
#host-name=foo
#domain-name=local
#browse-domains=0pointer.de, zeroconf.org
use-ipv4=yes
use-ipv6=yes
#allow-interfaces=eth0
#deny-interfaces=eth1
#check-response-ttl=no
#use-iff-running=no
#enable-dbus=yes
#disallow-other-stacks=no
#allow-point-to-point=no
#cache-entries-max=4096
#clients-max=4096
#objects-per-client-max=1024
#entries-per-entry-group-max=32
ratelimit-interval-usec=1000000
ratelimit-burst=1000

[wide-area]
enable-wide-area=yes

[publish]
#disable-publishing=no
#disable-user-service-publishing=no
#add-service-cookie=no
#publish-addresses=yes
publish-hinfo=no
publish-workstation=no
#publish-domain=yes
#publish-dns-servers=192.168.50.1, 192.168.50.2
#publish-resolv-conf-dns-servers=yes
#publish-aaaa-on-ipv4=yes
#publish-a-on-ipv6=no

[reflector]
#enable-reflector=no
#reflect-ipv=no
#reflect-filters=_airplay._tcp.local,_raop._tcp.local

[rlimits]
#rlimit-as=
#rlimit-core=0
#rlimit-data=8388608
#rlimit-fsize=0
#rlimit-nofile=768
#rlimit-stack=8388608
#rlimit-nproc=3

开启 hostname 到 domain-name 的映射关系 ❓

[server]
host-name=raspberrypi
domain-name=local
#browse-domains=0pointer.de, zeroconf.org

.local

pi@raspberrypi:~ $ cat .local
cat: .local: 是一个目录
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ls .local
lib  share
pi@raspberrypi:~ $ ls -alth .local
总用量 16K
drwxr-xr-x 22 pi pi 4.0K  5月 23 22:59 ..
drwxr-xr-x  5 pi pi 4.0K  5月  3 17:45 share
drwxr-xr-x  4 pi pi 4.0K  4月 12 23:59 .
drwxr-xr-x  3 pi pi 4.0K  4月 12 23:59 lib
pi@raspberrypi:~ $

image

demos

Raspberry Pi change hostname

eric@rpi4b:~ $ sudo raspi-config

eric@rpi4b:~ $ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1	localhost
::1		localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
# fix hostname lost ❓
ff00::0		ip6-localnet
ff00::0		ip6-mcastprefix
# 
ff02::1		ip6-allnodes
ff02::2		ip6-allrouters

127.0.1.1	rpi4b

# fix github 443 ❌
185.199.108.133 raw.githubusercontent.com

# fix: git repo
20.205.243.166 github.com

164.90.255.4 install.pi-hole.net

eric@rpi4b:~ $ cat /etc/hostname
rpi4b

eric@rpi4b:~ $ hostname -I
192.168.18.168

image

https://www.tomshardware.com/how-to/raspberry-pi-change-hostname

refs

https://www.raspberrypi.com/documentation/computers/remote-access.html

image

https://www.howtogeek.com/167190/how-and-why-to-assign-the-.local-domain-to-your-raspberry-pi/

image

https://www.howtogeek.com/167195/how-to-change-your-raspberry-pi-or-other-linux-devices-hostname/

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