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how to use cURL with a variable in the URL string All In One

how to use cURL with a variable in the URL string All In One

如何在 cURL 的 URL 字符串中使用变量

系统变量
环境变量
shell 变量

# cURL 字符串中如何使用 shell  系统环境变量 ❓
$ export DD_ROBOT_TOKEN=404e99******36d17fa1202
$ echo $DD_ROBOT_TOKEN
# 404e99******36d17fa1202

# "content": "测试：钉钉群机器人 / 自定义消息机器人🤖\n 树莓派开机自动发送 IP 地址消息:\n $(ifconfig | grep "192.168")"

errors

$ curl 'https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=${DD_ROBOT_TOKEN}'' \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '
  {
    "msgtype": "text",
    "text": {
      "content": "测试：钉钉群机器人 / 自定义消息机器人🤖\n 树莓派开机自动发送 IP 地址消息:\n ???"
    }
  }'
# {"errcode":300001,"errmsg":"错误描述: robot 不存在；解决方案:请确认 token 是否正确；"} ❌

image

solutions

$ curl "https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=${DD_ROBOT_TOKEN}" \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '
  {
    "msgtype": "text",
    "text": {
      "content": "测试：钉钉群机器人 / 自定义消息机器人🤖\n 树莓派开机自动发送 IP 地址消息:\n ???"
    }
  }'
# {"errcode":0,"errmsg":"ok"} ✅

image

# cURL use variable inside "double quotes" ✅
# content use 'single quotes wrap "double quotes"' ✅
$ curl "https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=${DD_ROBOT_TOKEN}" \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '
  {
    "msgtype": "text",
    "text": {
      "content": "测试：钉钉群机器人 / 自定义消息机器人🤖\n 树莓派开机自动发送 IP 地址消息:\n '"${DD_ROBOT_TOKEN}"'"
    }
  }'

# \" escape double quote ✅ 
$ curl "https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=${DD_ROBOT_TOKEN}" \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '
  {
    "msgtype": "text",
    "text": {
      "content": "测试：钉钉群机器人 / 自定义消息机器人🤖\n 树莓派开机自动发送 IP 地址消息:\n \"${DD_ROBOT_TOKEN}\""
    }
  }'

image

escape bug ❌

image

# \" escape all double quote inside double quote ✅
$ curl "https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=${DD_ROBOT_TOKEN}" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d "
  {
    \"msgtype\": \"text\",
    \"text\": {
      \"content\": \"测试：钉钉群机器人 / 自定义消息机器人🤖\n 树莓派开机自动发送 IP 地址消息:\n ${DD_ROBOT_TOKEN}\"
    }
  }"

image

$DD_ROBOT_TOKEN vs ${DD_ROBOT_TOKEN} 

# ${DD_ROBOT_TOKEN} ✅
# $DD_ROBOT_TOKEN ✅
$ curl "https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=$DD_ROBOT_TOKEN" \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -d '
  {
    "msgtype": "text",
    "text": {
      "content": "测试：钉钉群机器人 / 自定义消息机器人🤖\n 树莓派开机自动发送 IP 地址消息:\n '"$DD_ROBOT_TOKEN"'"
    }
  }'

# 
$ curl "https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=$DD_ROBOT_TOKEN" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d "
  {
    \"msgtype\": \"text\",
    \"text\": {
      \"content\": \"测试：钉钉群机器人 / 自定义消息机器人🤖\n 树莓派开机自动发送 IP 地址消息:\n $DD_ROBOT_TOKEN\"
    }
  }"

image

demos

  1. Raspberry Pi 开机自启动脚本，自动发送树莓派的 IP 地址 (钉钉 webhook)
#!/usr/bin/env bash
# coding: utf8

# 自动发送树莓派 ip 地址，到钉钉上

# cURL 字符串中使用系统变量
# $ export DD_ROBOT_TOKEN=404e996c8747ea4a******3f39ce36d17fa1202
DD_ROBOT_TOKEN=404e996c8747ea4a******3f39ce36d17fa1202
echo $DD_ROBOT_TOKEN


# ip4=$(/sbin/ip -o -4 addr list eth0 | awk '{print $4}' | cut -d/ -f1)
# ip6=$(/sbin/ip -o -6 addr list eth0 | awk '{print $4}' | cut -d/ -f1)

# echo $ip4
# echo $ip6

# ❌
# RPI_IP=ifconfig | grep "192.168"
# ✅ $(可执行命令)
# RPI_IP=$(ifconfig | grep "192.168")

# ❌
# ifconfig | grep "192.168" > ip.md
# RPI_IP=echo ./ip.md
# ✅ $(可执行命令)
$(ifconfig | grep "192.168" > ip.md)

# ❌ echo file, ??? echo 需要读取输出流
# RPI_IP=$(echo ./ip.md)
# ✅ read file
RPI_IP=$(cat ./ip.md)

echo $RPI_IP

## 高级命令 sed

# 测试：钉钉群机器人 / 自定义消息机器人🤖\n 树莓派开机自动发送 IP 地址消息:\n $RPI_IP
# 测试：钉钉群机器人 / 自定义消息机器人🤖\n 树莓派开机自动发送 IP 地址消息:\n ${RPI_IP}

MARKDOWN='
{
  "msgtype": "markdown",
  "markdown": {
    "title":"🤖 树莓派开机自动发送 Wi-Fi IP 地址消息: ",
    "text": "🍓 Raspberry Pi IP: '${RPI_IP}'\n🔑 API Token: '$DD_ROBOT_TOKEN'\n"
  },
  "at": {
    "atUserIds": [
      "xgqfrms"
    ],
    "isAtAll": false
  }
}'
# echo $MARKDOWN

curl "https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=$DD_ROBOT_TOKEN" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d "$MARKDOWN"

echo "finished ✅"
  1. 读书会打卡机器人(企业微信 webhook)

crontab 定时器/定时任务

#!/bin/sh

# 设置 set
set -eux

# 设置 env
LANGUAGE="zh-CN"
UA="Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/89.0.4343.0 Safari/537.36"

SH_DATE=$(TZ=':Asia/Shanghai' date '+%Y-%m-%d %T');
# 打印参数
echo "✅ SH_DATE = ${SH_DATE}"


# github env {REPORT_DATE, WEBHOOK_KEY}
echo "✅REPORT_DATE = ${REPORT_DATE}"
echo "✅WEBHOOK_KEY = ${WEBHOOK_KEY}"

# 读书会机器人🤖️ features:
# 1. 大大简化进入打卡的流程，跳过 3s 首页的推荐；
# 2. 每天早晚两次打卡提醒（08:00 和 20:00） ⏰，降低忘记打卡的风险；

MARKDOWN='
{
    "msgtype": "markdown",
    "markdown": {
        "content": "⏰ '$SH_DATE'\n\n🎉<font color=\"warning\">读书会快捷链接</font>\n\n📘[<font color=\"info\">阅读打卡链接</font>](https://library.xgqfrms.xyz/#/club/share)\n\n👨🏻‍💻[<font color=\"info\">我的链接</font>](https://library.xgqfrms.xyz/#/my)\n\n💰[<font color=\"info\">积分链接</font>](https://library.xgqfrms.xyz/#/mall)\n\n<font color=\"warning\">读书会机器人🤖️ features:</font>\n\n<font color=\"comment\">1. 大大简化进入打卡的流程，跳过 3s 首页的推荐；</font>\n\n<font color=\"comment\">2. 每天早晚两次打卡提醒（08:00 和 20:00） ⏰，降低忘记打卡的风险；</font>\n\n",
        "mentioned_list":["凌晨"],
    }
}'


# 只有双引号中才可以包含变量，单引号不可以包含变量
curl "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/webhook/send?key=${WEBHOOK_KEY}" \
  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
  -H "Accept-Language: $LANGUAGE" \
  -H "User-Agent: $UA" \
  -d "$MARKDOWN"

https://github.com/xgqfrms/wx-robot-notice/blob/main/src/robot.sh#L64

shell env

# 绝对路径
#!/bin/sh
#!/usr/bin/env sh

# 相对路径
#!/usr/bin/env shell
#!/usr/bin/env bash
#!/usr/bin/env zsh

There are many solutions, here are some comparisons

If you want to use variable in the cURL's string parameters, you should use double quotes to enclose the variables.

By the way, curl's option --data-raw alias is -d

1. just wrap your data as a normal variable (🚀 awesome)

use variable method 1: ${ip_address} ✅

# define data variable
raw_data='{
    "ipAddress": "'$ip_address'",
    "userId": "'$user_id'"
}'

# use data variable ✅
-d "$raw_data"

use variable method 2: ${ip_address} ✅

# define data variable
raw_data='{
    "ipAddress": "'${ip_address}'",
    "userId": "'${user_id}'"
}'

# use data variable ✅
-d "$raw_data"

2. use '' single quotes in "" double quotes (👍 good)

# nested "''"
-d '{
    "ipAddress": "'$ip_address'",
    "userId": "'$user_id'"
}'

3. use \ escape all " in a double quotes (👎 not good)

# escape \"
-d "{
    \"ipAddress\": \"$ip_address\",
    \"userId\": \"$user_id\"
}"

refs

https://www.cnblogs.com/xgqfrms/p/17322420.html

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2>&1

错误，二合一输出

#!/usr/bin/env bash
# coding: utf8

# ip-program.sh
/usr/bin/bash -u /home/pi/Desktop/dd-ip-notice-robot.sh > /home/pi/Desktop/ip-program.log 2>&1

https://www.cnblogs.com/xgqfrms/tag/2>%261/

refs

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70208161/how-to-use-variables-inside-data-raw-json-string-in-a-curl-command/76025668#76025668

https://www.cnblogs.com/xgqfrms/tag/cURL/

https://www.cnblogs.com/xgqfrms/tag/curl to fetch/

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posted @ 2023-04-16 10:09  xgqfrms  阅读(113)  评论(3)  编辑  收藏  举报