Linux grep command All In One
Linux grep command All In One
$ man grep
$ man grep | pbcopy
手动复制 man grep
fix: pbcopy 乱码 bug ❌
# 输出到文件，避免 man 分页问题
$ man grep >> man-grep.md
# 手动复制 cat ✅
$ cat man-grep.md
# 都不好使，pbcopy 乱码 bug ❌
$ cat man-grep.md | pbcopy
$ man grep | pbcopy
# 输出到文件，避免 man 分页问题
$ man grep >> man-grep.md
# 手动复制 cat ✅
$ cat man-grep.md
# 都不好使，pbcopy 乱码 bug ❌
$ cat man-grep.md | pbcopy
$ man grep | pbcopy
GREP(1) General Commands Manual GREP(1)
NAME
grep, egrep, fgrep, rgrep, bzgrep, bzegrep, bzfgrep, zgrep, zegrep, zfgrep
– file pattern searcher
SYNOPSIS
grep [-abcdDEFGHhIiJLlMmnOopqRSsUVvwXxZz] [-A num] [-B num] [-C[num]]
[-e pattern] [-f file] [--binary-files=value] [--color[=when]]
[--colour[=when]] [--context[=num]] [--label] [--line-buffered]
[--null] [pattern] [file ...]
DESCRIPTION
The grep utility searches any given input files, selecting lines that match
one or more patterns. By default, a pattern matches an input line if the
regular expression (RE) in the pattern matches the input line without its
trailing newline. An empty expression matches every line. Each input line
that matches at least one of the patterns is written to the standard
output.
grep is used for simple patterns and basic regular expressions (BREs);
egrep can handle extended regular expressions (EREs). See re_format(7) for
more information on regular expressions. fgrep is quicker than both grep
and egrep, but can only handle fixed patterns (i.e., it does not interpret
regular expressions). Patterns may consist of one or more lines, allowing
any of the pattern lines to match a portion of the input.
zgrep, zegrep, and zfgrep act like grep, egrep, and fgrep, respectively,
but accept input files compressed with the compress(1) or gzip(1)
compression utilities. bzgrep, bzegrep, and bzfgrep act like grep, egrep,
and fgrep, respectively, but accept input files compressed with the
bzip2(1) compression utility.
The following options are available:
-A num, --after-context=num
Print num lines of trailing context after each match. See also the
-B and -C options.
-a, --text
Treat all files as ASCII text. Normally grep will simply print
“Binary file ... matches” if files contain binary characters. Use
of this option forces grep to output lines matching the specified
pattern.
-B num, --before-context=num
Print num lines of leading context before each match. See also the
-A and -C options.
-b, --byte-offset
The offset in bytes of a matched pattern is displayed in front of
the respective matched line.
-C[num], --context[=num]
Print num lines of leading and trailing context surrounding each
match. The default value of num is “2” and is equivalent to “-A 2
-B 2”. Note: no whitespace may be given between the option and its
argument.
-c, --count
Only a count of selected lines is written to standard output.
--colour=[when], --color=[when]
Mark up the matching text with the expression stored in the
GREP_COLOR environment variable. The possible values of when are
“never”, “always” and “auto”.
-D action, --devices=action
Specify the demanded action for devices, FIFOs and sockets. The
default action is “read”, which means, that they are read as if
they were normal files. If the action is set to “skip”, devices
are silently skipped.
-d action, --directories=action
Specify the demanded action for directories. It is “read” by
default, which means that the directories are read in the same
manner as normal files. Other possible values are “skip” to
silently ignore the directories, and “recurse” to read them
recursively, which has the same effect as the -R and -r option.
-E, --extended-regexp
Interpret pattern as an extended regular expression (i.e., force
grep to behave as egrep).
-e pattern, --regexp=pattern
Specify a pattern used during the search of the input: an input
line is selected if it matches any of the specified patterns. This
option is most useful when multiple -e options are used to specify
multiple patterns, or when a pattern begins with a dash (‘-’).
--exclude pattern
If specified, it excludes files matching the given filename patten_
from the search. Note that --exclude and --include patterns are
processed in the order given. If a name matches multiple patterns,
the latest matching rule wins. If no --include pattern is
specified, all files are searched that are not excluded. Patterns
are matched to the full path specified, not only to the filename
component.
--exclude-dir pattern
If -R is specified, it excludes directories matching the given
filename pattern from the search. Note that --exclude-dir and
--include-dir patterns are processed in the order given. If a name
matches multiple patterns, the latest matching rule wins. If no
--include-dir pattern is specified, all directories are searched
that are not excluded.
-F, --fixed-strings
Interpret pattern as a set of fixed strings (i.e., force grep to
behave as fgrep).
-f file, --file=file
Read one or more newline separated patterns from file. Empty
pattern lines match every input line. Newlines are not considered
part of a pattern. If file is empty, nothing is matched.
-G, --basic-regexp
Interpret pattern as a basic regular expression (i.e., force grep
to behave as traditional grep).
-H Always print filename headers with output lines.
-h, --no-filename
Never print filename headers (i.e., filenames) with output lines.
--help Print a brief help message.
-I Ignore binary files. This option is equivalent to the
“--binary-file=without-match” option.
-i, --ignore-case
Perform case insensitive matching. By default, grep is case
sensitive.
--include pattern
If specified, only files matching the given filename pattern are
searched. Note that --include and --exclude patterns are processed
in the order given. If a name matches multiple patterns, the
latest matching rule wins. Patterns are matched to the full path
specified, not only to the filename component.
--include-dir pattern
If -R is specified, only directories matching the given filename
pattern are searched. Note that --include-dir and --exclude-dir
patterns are processed in the order given. If a name matches
multiple patterns, the latest matching rule wins.
-J, --bz2decompress
Decompress the bzip2(1) compressed file before looking for the
text.
-L, --files-without-match
Only the names of files not containing selected lines are written
to standard output. Pathnames are listed once per file searched.
If the standard input is searched, the string “(standard input)” is
written unless a --label is specified.
-l, --files-with-matches
Only the names of files containing selected lines are written to
standard output. grep will only search a file until a match has
been found, making searches potentially less expensive. Pathnames
are listed once per file searched. If the standard input is
searched, the string “(standard input)” is written unless a --labll
is specified.
--label
Label to use in place of “(standard input)” for a file name where a
file name would normally be printed. This option applies to -H,
-L, and -l.
--mmap Use mmap(2) instead of read(2) to read input, which can result in
better performance under some circumstances but can cause undefined
behaviour.
-M, --lzma
Decompress the LZMA compressed file before looking for the text.
-m num, --max-count=num
Stop reading the file after num matches.
-n, --line-number
Each output line is preceded by its relative line number in the
file, starting at line 1. The line number counter is reset for
each file processed. This option is ignored if -c, -L, -l, or -q
is specified.
--null Prints a zero-byte after the file name.
-O If -R is specified, follow symbolic links only if they were
explicitly listed on the command line. The default is not to
follow symbolic links.
-o, --only-matching
Prints only the matching part of the lines.
-p If -R is specified, no symbolic links are followed. This is the
default.
-q, --quiet, --silent
Quiet mode: suppress normal output. grep will only search a file
until a match has been found, making searches potentially less
expensive.
-R, -r, --recursive
Recursively search subdirectories listed. (i.e., force grep to
behave as rgrep).
-S If -R is specified, all symbolic links are followed. The default
is not to follow symbolic links.
-s, --no-messages
Silent mode. Nonexistent and unreadable files are ignored (i.e.,
their error messages are suppressed).
-U, --binary
Search binary files, but do not attempt to print them.
-u This option has no effect and is provided only for compatibility
with GNU grep.
-V, --version
Display version information and exit.
-v, --invert-match
Selected lines are those not matching any of the specified
patterns.
-w, --word-regexp
The expression is searched for as a word (as if surrounded by
‘[[:<:]]’ and ‘[[:>:]]’; see re_format(7)). This option has no
effect if -x is also specified.
-x, --line-regexp
Only input lines selected against an entire fixed string or regular
expression are considered to be matching lines.
-y Equivalent to -i. Obsoleted.
-z, --null-data
Treat input and output data as sequences of lines terminated by a
zero-byte instead of a newline.
-X, --xz
Decompress the xz(1) compressed file before looking for the text.
-Z, --decompress
Force grep to behave as zgrep.
--binary-files=value
Controls searching and printing of binary files. Options are:
binary (default) Search binary files but do not print them.
without-match Do not search binary files.
text Treat all files as text.
--line-buffered
Force output to be line buffered. By default, output is line
buffered when standard output is a terminal and block buffered
otherwise.
If no file arguments are specified, the standard input is used.
Additionally, “-” may be used in place of a file name, anywhere that a file
name is accepted, to read from standard input. This includes both -f and
file arguments.
ENVIRONMENT
GREP_OPTIONS May be used to specify default options that will be placed at
the beginning of the argument list. Backslash-escaping is
not supported, unlike the behavior in GNU grep.
EXIT STATUS
The grep utility exits with one of the following values:
0 One or more lines were selected.
1 No lines were selected.
>1 An error occurred.
EXAMPLES
- Find all occurrences of the pattern ‘patricia’ in a file:
$ grep 'patricia' myfile
- Same as above but looking only for complete words:
$ grep -w 'patricia' myfile
- Count occurrences of the exact pattern ‘FOO’ :
$ grep -c FOO myfile
- Same as above but ignoring case:
$ grep -c -i FOO myfile
- Find all occurrences of the pattern ‘.Pp’ at the beginning of a line:
$ grep '^\.Pp' myfile
The apostrophes ensure the entire expression is evaluated by grep
instead of by the user's shell. The caret ‘^’ matches the null string
at the beginning of a line, and the ‘\’ escapes the ‘.’, which would
otherwise match any character.
- Find all lines in a file which do not contain the words ‘foo’ or ‘bar’:
$ grep -v -e 'foo' -e 'bar' myfile
- Peruse the file ‘calendar’ looking for either 19, 20, or 25 using
extended regular expressions:
$ egrep '19|20|25' calendar
- Show matching lines and the name of the ‘*.h’ files which contain the
pattern ‘FIXME’. Do the search recursively from the /usr/src/sys/arm
directory
$ grep -H -R FIXME --include=*.h /usr/src/sys/arm/
- Same as above but show only the name of the matching file:
$ grep -l -R FIXME --include=*.h /usr/src/sys/arm/
- Show lines containing the text ‘foo’. The matching part of the output
is colored and every line is prefixed with the line number and the
offset in the file for those lines that matched.
$ grep -b --colour -n foo myfile
- Show lines that match the extended regular expression patterns read
from the standard input:
$ echo -e 'Free\nBSD\nAll.*reserved' | grep -E -f - myfile
- Show lines from the output of the pciconf(8) command matching the
specified extended regular expression along with three lines of leading
context and one line of trailing context:
$ pciconf -lv | grep -B3 -A1 -E 'class.*=.*storage'
- Suppress any output and use the exit status to show an appropriate
message:
$ grep -q foo myfile && echo File matches
SEE ALSO
bzip2(1), compress(1), ed(1), ex(1), gzip(1), sed(1), xz(1), zgrep(1),
re_format(7)
STANDARDS
The grep utility is compliant with the IEEE Std 1003.1-2008 (“POSIX.1”)
specification.
The flags [-AaBbCDdGHhILmoPRSUVw] are extensions to that specification, and
the behaviour of the -f flag when used with an empty pattern file is left
undefined.
All long options are provided for compatibility with GNU versions of this
utility.
Historic versions of the grep utility also supported the flags [-ruy].
This implementation supports those options; however, their use is strongly
discouraged.
HISTORY
The grep command first appeared in Version 6 AT&T UNIX.
BUGS
The grep utility does not normalize Unicode input, so a pattern containing
composed characters will not match decomposed input, and vice versa.
macOS 12.3 March 22, 2021 macOS 12.3
solution
use
vscodeto fix copy from terminal encoding bug 🚀
vscode 全部选中 " 符号，连续两次删除后，保存即可！✅
grep 参数：
- -a 或 --text : 不要忽略二进制的数据。
- -A<显示行数> 或 --after-context=<显示行数> : 除了显示符合范本样式的那一列之外，并显示该行之后的内容。
- -b 或 --byte-offset : 在显示符合样式的那一行之前，标示出该行第一个字符的编号。
- -B<显示行数> 或 --before-context=<显示行数> : 除了显示符合样式的那一行之外，并显示该行之前的内容。
- -c 或 --count : 计算符合样式的列数。
- -C<显示行数> 或 --context=<显示行数>或-<显示行数> : 除了显示符合样式的那一行之外，并显示该行之前后的内容。
- -d <动作> 或 --directories=<动作> : 当指定要查找的是目录而非文件时，必须使用这项参数，否则grep指令将回报信息并停止动作。
- -e<范本样式> 或 --regexp=<范本样式> : 指定字符串做为查找文件内容的样式。
- `-E` 或 --extended-regexp : 将样式为延伸的`正则表达式`来使用。
- -f<规则文件> 或 --file=<规则文件> : 指定规则文件，其内容含有一个或多个规则样式，让grep查找符合规则条件的文件内容，格式为每行一个规则样式。
- -F 或 --fixed-regexp : 将样式视为固定字符串的列表。
- -G 或 --basic-regexp : 将样式视为普通的表示法来使用。
- -h 或 --no-filename : 在显示符合样式的那一行之前，不标示该行所属的文件名称。
- -H 或 --with-filename : 在显示符合样式的那一行之前，表示该行所属的文件名称。
- -i 或 --ignore-case : 忽略字符大小写的差别。
- -l 或 --file-with-matches : 列出文件内容符合指定的样式的文件名称。
- -L 或 --files-without-match : 列出文件内容不符合指定的样式的文件名称。
- -n 或 --line-number : 在显示符合样式的那一行之前，标示出该行的列数编号。
- -o 或 --only-matching : 只显示匹配PATTERN 部分。
- -q 或 --quiet或--silent : 不显示任何信息。
- -r 或 --recursive : 此参数的效果和指定"-d recurse"参数相同。
- -s 或 --no-messages : 不显示错误信息。
- `-v` 或 --invert-match : 显示`不包含`匹配文本的所有行。
- -V 或 --version : 显示版本信息。
- -w 或 --word-regexp : 只显示全字符合的列。
- -x --line-regexp : 只显示全列符合的列。
- -y : 此参数的效果和指定"-i"参数相同。
$ grep [-abcEFGhHilLnqrsvVwxy][-A<显示行数>][-B<显示列数>][-C<显示列数>][-d<进行动作>][-e<范本样式>][-f<范本文件>][--help][范本样式][文件或目录...]
https://www.runoob.com/linux/linux-comm-grep.html
demos
$ npm start | grep -vE "^typescript|^tsc|\ " jq
jq
# -v 或 --invert-match : 显示不包含匹配文本的所有行。
# -E 或 --extended-regexp : 将样式为延伸的正则表达式来使用。
# -vE => 使用正则表达式过滤掉 ts/tsc 开头的 log
$ npm start | grep -vE "^typescript|^tsc|\ " jq
$ brew install jq
https://github.com/stedolan/jq
https://stedolan.github.io/jq/#
$ ifconfig | grep "192.168."
# 获取 ip address
pi@raspberrypi:~/Desktop $ ifconfig
eth0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether b8:27:eb:bf:9b:e6 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 33 bytes 3255 (3.1 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 33 bytes 3255 (3.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
wlan0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.18.135 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.18.255
inet6 fe80::a1d2:9993:d9dc:b546 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
inet6 fd80:eae6:1258:0:d1c5:2a7f:abad:cbb5 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0<global>
ether b8:27:eb:ea:ce:b3 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 17746 bytes 2642977 (2.5 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 967 bytes 152319 (148.7 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
pi@raspberrypi:~/Desktop $ ifconfig | grep "192.168."
inet 192.168.18.135 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.18.255
pi@raspberrypi:~/Desktop $
refs
https://www.cnblogs.com/xgqfrms/tag/grep
https://www.cnblogs.com/xgqfrms/tag/which
https://www.cnblogs.com/xgqfrms/tag/sed
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