git Rewriting History All In One

Changing the Last Commit

$ git commit --amend

$ git commit --amend --no-edit

Changing Multiple Commit Messages

$ git rebase -i HEAD~3

描述/div<>	图解
更改最后一次提交消息
更改多个提交消息

https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Tools-Rewriting-History

git rebase

变基

修改前面多次的 commit 历史记录

$ git rebase -i HEAD~3

# 交互式
# -i, --interactive     let the user edit the list of commits to rebase

#  修改前面多次的（3次 ）  commit 历史记录
$ git rebase -i HEAD~3

$ git rebase -h 
usage: git rebase [-i] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase> | --keep-base] [<upstream> [<branch>]]
   or: git rebase [-i] [options] [--exec <cmd>] [--onto <newbase>] --root [<branch>]
   or: git rebase --continue | --abort | --skip | --edit-todo

    --onto <revision>     rebase onto given branch instead of upstream
    --keep-base           use the merge-base of upstream and branch as the current base
    --no-verify           allow pre-rebase hook to run
    -q, --quiet           be quiet. implies --no-stat
    -v, --verbose         display a diffstat of what changed upstream
    -n, --no-stat         do not show diffstat of what changed upstream
    --signoff             add a Signed-off-by trailer to each commit
    --committer-date-is-author-date
                          make committer date match author date
    --reset-author-date   ignore author date and use current date
    -C <n>                passed to 'git apply'
    --ignore-whitespace   ignore changes in whitespace
    --whitespace <action>
                          passed to 'git apply'
    -f, --force-rebase    cherry-pick all commits, even if unchanged
    --no-ff               cherry-pick all commits, even if unchanged
    --continue            continue
    --skip                skip current patch and continue
    --abort               abort and check out the original branch
    --quit                abort but keep HEAD where it is
    --edit-todo           edit the todo list during an interactive rebase
    --show-current-patch  show the patch file being applied or merged
    --apply               use apply strategies to rebase
    -m, --merge           use merging strategies to rebase
    -i, --interactive     let the user edit the list of commits to rebase
    --rerere-autoupdate   update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible
    --empty <{drop,keep,ask}>
                          how to handle commits that become empty
    --autosquash          move commits that begin with squash!/fixup! under -i
    -S, --gpg-sign[=<key-id>]
                          GPG-sign commits
    --autostash           automatically stash/stash pop before and after
    -x, --exec <exec>     add exec lines after each commit of the editable list
    -r, --rebase-merges[=<mode>]
                          try to rebase merges instead of skipping them
    --fork-point          use 'merge-base --fork-point' to refine upstream
    -s, --strategy <strategy>
                          use the given merge strategy
    -X, --strategy-option <option>
                          pass the argument through to the merge strategy
    --root                rebase all reachable commits up to the root(s)
    --reschedule-failed-exec
                          automatically re-schedule any `exec` that fails
    --reapply-cherry-picks
                          apply all changes, even those already present upstream

➜  git git:(test)

git commit

修改上一次的 commit 历史记录

$  git commit -m "描述信息"
#  Commit message options
#     m, --message <message>  commit message
#     -e, --edit            force edit of commit


$  git commit -e
# 仅修改 commit message ✅


$  git commit --amend
# 仅修改上一次的 commit 历史记录 文件内容 ✅

#  Commit contents options
#     --amend               amend previous commit

$ git commit -h
usage: git commit [<options>] [--] <pathspec>...

    -q, --quiet           suppress summary after successful commit
    -v, --verbose         show diff in commit message template

Commit message options
    -F, --file <file>     read message from file
    --author <author>     override author for commit
    --date <date>         override date for commit
    -m, --message <message>
                          commit message
    -c, --reedit-message <commit>
                          reuse and edit message from specified commit
    -C, --reuse-message <commit>
                          reuse message from specified commit
    --fixup [(amend|reword):]commit
                          use autosquash formatted message to fixup or amend/reword specified commit
    --squash <commit>     use autosquash formatted message to squash specified commit
    --reset-author        the commit is authored by me now (used with -C/-c/--amend)
    --trailer <trailer>   add custom trailer(s)
    -s, --signoff         add a Signed-off-by trailer
    -t, --template <file>
                          use specified template file
    -e, --edit            force edit of commit
    --cleanup <mode>      how to strip spaces and #comments from message
    --status              include status in commit message template
    -S, --gpg-sign[=<key-id>]
                          GPG sign commit

Commit contents options
    -a, --all             commit all changed files
    -i, --include         add specified files to index for commit
    --interactive         interactively add files
    -p, --patch           interactively add changes
    -o, --only            commit only specified files
    -n, --no-verify       bypass pre-commit and commit-msg hooks
    --dry-run             show what would be committed
    --short               show status concisely
    --branch              show branch information
    --ahead-behind        compute full ahead/behind values
    --porcelain           machine-readable output
    --long                show status in long format (default)
    -z, --null            terminate entries with NUL
    --amend               amend previous commit
    --no-post-rewrite     bypass post-rewrite hook
    -u, --untracked-files[=<mode>]
                          show untracked files, optional modes: all, normal, no. (Default: all)
    --pathspec-from-file <file>
                          read pathspec from file
    --pathspec-file-nul   with --pathspec-from-file, pathspec elements are separated with NUL character

➜  git git:(test)

squash

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5189560/how-do-i-squash-my-last-n-commits-together

git merge --squash ???

git reset --soft HEAD~3 ???

$ git merge --squash

#      --squash              create a single commit instead of doing a merge

$ git merge -h

usage: git merge [<options>] [<commit>...]
   or: git merge --abort
   or: git merge --continue

    -n                    do not show a diffstat at the end of the merge
    --stat                show a diffstat at the end of the merge
    --summary             (synonym to --stat)
    --log[=<n>]           add (at most <n>) entries from shortlog to merge commit message
    --squash              create a single commit instead of doing a merge
    --commit              perform a commit if the merge succeeds (default)
    -e, --edit            edit message before committing
    --cleanup <mode>      how to strip spaces and #comments from message
    --ff                  allow fast-forward (default)
    --ff-only             abort if fast-forward is not possible
    --rerere-autoupdate   update the index with reused conflict resolution if possible
    --verify-signatures   verify that the named commit has a valid GPG signature
    -s, --strategy <strategy>
                          merge strategy to use
    -X, --strategy-option <option=value>
                          option for selected merge strategy
    -m, --message <message>
                          merge commit message (for a non-fast-forward merge)
    -F, --file <path>     read message from file
    -v, --verbose         be more verbose
    -q, --quiet           be more quiet
    --abort               abort the current in-progress merge
    --quit                --abort but leave index and working tree alone
    --continue            continue the current in-progress merge
    --allow-unrelated-histories
                          allow merging unrelated histories
    --progress            force progress reporting
    -S, --gpg-sign[=<key-id>]
                          GPG sign commit
    --autostash           automatically stash/stash pop before and after
    --overwrite-ignore    update ignored files (default)
    --signoff             add a Signed-off-by trailer
    --no-verify           bypass pre-merge-commit and commit-msg hooks

➜  git git:(test)

$ git reset -h

usage: git reset [--mixed | --soft | --hard | --merge | --keep] [-q] [<commit>]
   or: git reset [-q] [<tree-ish>] [--] <pathspec>...
   or: git reset [-q] [--pathspec-from-file [--pathspec-file-nul]] [<tree-ish>]
   or: git reset --patch [<tree-ish>] [--] [<pathspec>...]

    -q, --quiet           be quiet, only report errors
    --mixed               reset HEAD and index
    --soft                reset only HEAD
    --hard                reset HEAD, index and working tree
    --merge               reset HEAD, index and working tree
    --keep                reset HEAD but keep local changes
    --recurse-submodules[=<reset>]
                          control recursive updating of submodules
    -p, --patch           select hunks interactively
    -N, --intent-to-add   record only the fact that removed paths will be added later
    --pathspec-from-file <file>
                          read pathspec from file
    --pathspec-file-nul   with --pathspec-from-file, pathspec elements are separated with NUL character

➜  git git:(test)