Vim 官方文档教程 All In One

Vim 官方教程 / Vim 图解教程

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Vim 8.x

Vi IMproved 8.2

$ vim --version
VIM - Vi IMproved 8.2 (2019 Dec 12, compiled Oct 01 2021 01:51:08)
包含补丁: 1-2434
Extra patches: 8.2.3402, 8.2.3403, 8.2.3409, 8.2.3428
修改者 team+vim@tracker.debian.org
编译者 team+vim@tracker.debian.org
巨型版本 无图形界面。  可使用(+)与不可使用(-)的功能:
+acl               -farsi             +mouse_sgr         +tag_binary
+arabic            +file_in_path      -mouse_sysmouse    -tag_old_static
+autocmd           +find_in_path      +mouse_urxvt       -tag_any_white
+autochdir         +float             +mouse_xterm       -tcl
-autoservername    +folding           +multi_byte        +termguicolors
-balloon_eval      -footer            +multi_lang        +terminal
+balloon_eval_term +fork()            -mzscheme          +terminfo
-browse            +gettext           +netbeans_intg     +termresponse
++builtin_terms    -hangul_input      +num64             +textobjects
+byte_offset       +iconv             +packages          +textprop
+channel           +insert_expand     +path_extra        +timers
+cindent           +ipv6              -perl              +title
-clientserver      +job               +persistent_undo   -toolbar
-clipboard         +jumplist          +popupwin          +user_commands
+cmdline_compl     +keymap            +postscript        +vartabs
+cmdline_hist      +lambda            +printer           +vertsplit
+cmdline_info      +langmap           +profile           +virtualedit
+comments          +libcall           -python            +visual
+conceal           +linebreak         -python3           +visualextra
+cryptv            +lispindent        +quickfix          +viminfo
+cscope            +listcmds          +reltime           +vreplace
+cursorbind        +localmap          +rightleft         +wildignore
+cursorshape       -lua               -ruby              +wildmenu
+dialog_con        +menu              +scrollbind        +windows
+diff              +mksession         +signs             +writebackup
+digraphs          +modify_fname      +smartindent       -X11
-dnd               +mouse             -sound             -xfontset
-ebcdic            -mouseshape        +spell             -xim
+emacs_tags        +mouse_dec         +startuptime       -xpm
+eval              +mouse_gpm         +statusline        -xsmp
+ex_extra          -mouse_jsbterm     -sun_workshop      -xterm_clipboard
+extra_search      +mouse_netterm     +syntax            -xterm_save
     系统 vimrc 文件: "$VIM/vimrc"
     用户 vimrc 文件: "$HOME/.vimrc"
 第二用户 vimrc 文件: "~/.vim/vimrc"
      用户 exrc 文件: "$HOME/.exrc"
       defaults file: "$VIMRUNTIME/defaults.vim"
         $VIM 预设值: "/usr/share/vim"
编译方式: gcc -c -I. -Iproto -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -Wdate-time -g -O2 -ffile-prefix-map=/build/vim-I0JMpS/vim-8.2.2434=. -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -U_FORTIFY_SOURCE -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=1 
链接方式: gcc -Wl,-z,relro -Wl,-z,now -Wl,--as-needed -o vim -lm -ltinfo -lselinux -lacl -lattr -lgpm -ldl

Vim 模式

normal mode 正常模式

visual mode 可视化模式

command mode 命令模式

insert mode 插入模式 i/ ~~eidt mode 编辑模式~~

select mode 选择模式

ex mode 扩展模式

Vim modes

https://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/intro.html#vim-modes-intro

5. Modes, introduction				*vim-modes-intro* *vim-modes*

Vim has six BASIC modes:


					*Normal* *Normal-mode* *command-mode*
Normal mode		In Normal mode you can enter all the normal editor
			commands.  If you start the editor you are in this
			mode (unless you have set the 'insertmode' option,
			see below).  This is also known as command mode.

Visual mode		This is like Normal mode, but the movement commands
			extend a highlighted area.  When a non-movement
			command is used, it is executed for the highlighted
			area.  See |Visual-mode|.
			If the 'showmode' option is on "-- VISUAL --" is shown
			at the bottom of the window.

Select mode		This looks most like the MS-Windows selection mode.
			Typing a printable character deletes the selection
			and starts Insert mode.  See |Select-mode|.
			If the 'showmode' option is on "-- SELECT --" is shown
			at the bottom of the window.

Insert mode		In Insert mode the text you type is inserted into the
			buffer.  See |Insert-mode|.
			If the 'showmode' option is on "-- INSERT --" is shown
			at the bottom of the window.

Command-line mode	In Command-line mode (also called Cmdline mode) you
Cmdline mode		can enter one line of text at the bottom of the
			window.  This is for the Ex commands, ":", the pattern
			search commands, "?" and "/", and the filter command,
			"!".  |Cmdline-mode|

Ex mode			Like Command-line mode, but after entering a command
			you remain in Ex mode.  Very limited editing of the
			command line.  |Ex-mode|

There are six ADDITIONAL modes.  These are variants of the BASIC modes:


				*Operator-pending* *Operator-pending-mode*
Operator-pending mode	This is like Normal mode, but after an operator
			command has started, and Vim is waiting for a {motion}
			to specify the text that the operator will work on.

Replace mode		Replace mode is a special case of Insert mode.  You
			can do the same things as in Insert mode, but for
			each character you enter, one character of the existing
			text is deleted.  See |Replace-mode|.
			If the 'showmode' option is on "-- REPLACE --" is
			shown at the bottom of the window.

Virtual Replace mode	Virtual Replace mode is similar to Replace mode, but
			instead of file characters you are replacing screen
			real estate.  See |Virtual-Replace-mode|.
			If the 'showmode' option is on "-- VREPLACE --" is
			shown at the bottom of the window.

Insert Normal mode	Entered when CTRL-O given in Insert mode.  This is
			like Normal mode, but after executing one command Vim
			returns to Insert mode.
			If the 'showmode' option is on "-- (insert) --" is
			shown at the bottom of the window.

Insert Visual mode	Entered when starting a Visual selection from Insert
			mode, e.g., by using CTRL-O and then "v", "V" or
			CTRL-V.  When the Visual selection ends, Vim returns
			to Insert mode.
			If the 'showmode' option is on "-- (insert) VISUAL --"
			is shown at the bottom of the window.

Insert Select mode	Entered when starting Select mode from Insert mode.
			E.g., by dragging the mouse or <S-Right>.
			When the Select mode ends, Vim returns to Insert mode.
			If the 'showmode' option is on "-- (insert) SELECT --"
			is shown at the bottom of the window.

mode-switching / 模式转换

https://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/intro.html#mode-switching

Vim 6 种基本模式

Normal mode

https://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/intro.html#Normal

Visual mode

https://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/visual.html#Visual

Select mode

https://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/visual.html#Select

Insert mode

https://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/insert.html#Insert

Command-line mode / Cmdline mode

https://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/cmdline.html#Command-line
https://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/cmdline.html#Cmdline

Ex mode

https://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/intro.html#Ex

Vim 6 种附加模式

There are six ADDITIONAL modes. These are variants of the BASIC modes:
有六种附加模式。这些是 BASIC 模式的变体：

Operator-pending mode

https://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/intro.html#Operator-pending

Replace mode
Virtual Replace mode

https://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/insert.html#Replace

Insert Normal mode

https://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/insert.html#Insert
https://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/intro.html#Normal

Insert Visual mode

https://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/insert.html#Insert
https://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/visual.html#Visual

Insert Select mode

https://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/insert.html#Insert
https://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/visual.html#Select

Vim 使用文档

https://vimdoc.sourceforge.net/htmldoc/usr_toc.html

$ vim --help
VIM - Vi IMproved 8.2 (2019 Dec 12, compiled Oct 01 2021 01:51:08)

用法: vim [参数] [文件 ..]       编辑指定的文件
  或: vim [参数] -               从标准输入(stdin)读取文本
  或: vim [参数] -t tag          编辑 tag 定义处的文件
  或: vim [参数] -q [errorfile]  编辑第一个出错处的文件

参数:
   --			在这以后只有文件名
   -v			Vi 模式 (同 "vi")
   -e			Ex 模式 (同 "ex")
   -E			Improved Ex mode
   -s			安静(批处理)模式 (只能与 "ex" 一起使用)
   -d			Diff 模式 (同 "vimdiff")
   -y			容易模式 (同 "evim"，无模式)
   -R			只读模式 (同 "view")
   -Z			限制模式 (同 "rvim")
   -m			不可修改(写入文件)
   -M			文本不可修改
   -b			二进制模式
   -l			Lisp 模式
   -C			兼容传统的 Vi: 'compatible'
   -N			不完全兼容传统的 Vi: 'nocompatible'
   -V[N][fname]		Be verbose [level N] [log messages to fname]
   -D			调试模式
   -n			不使用交换文件，只使用内存
   -r			列出交换文件并退出
   -r (跟文件名)		恢复崩溃的会话
   -L			同 -r
   -A			以 Arabic 模式启动
   -H			以 Hebrew 模式启动
   -T <terminal>	设定终端类型为 <terminal>
   --not-a-term		Skip warning for input/output not being a terminal
   --ttyfail		Exit if input or output is not a terminal
   -u <vimrc>		使用 <vimrc> 替代任何 .vimrc
   --noplugin		不加载 plugin 脚本
   -p[N]		打开 N 个标签页 (默认值: 每个文件一个)
   -o[N]		打开 N 个窗口 (默认值: 每个文件一个)
   -O[N]		同 -o 但垂直分割
   +			启动后跳到文件末尾
   +<lnum>		启动后跳到第 <lnum> 行
   --cmd <command>	加载任何 vimrc 文件前执行 <command>
   -c <command>		加载第一个文件后执行 <command>
   -S <session>		加载第一个文件后执行文件 <session>
   -s <scriptin>	从文件 <scriptin> 读入正常模式的命令
   -w <scriptout>	将所有输入的命令追加到文件 <scriptout>
   -W <scriptout>	将所有输入的命令写入到文件 <scriptout>
   -x			编辑加密的文件
   --startuptime <file>	Write startup timing messages to <file>
   -i <viminfo>		使用 <viminfo> 取代 .viminfo
   --clean		'nocompatible', Vim defaults, no plugins, no viminfo
   -h  或  --help	打印帮助(本信息)并退出
   --version		打印版本信息并退出