泛型 1

Generic Interface

type Log = <T>(value: T) => T;

interface Log {
  <T>(value: T):T
}
// 等价的，使用时无需指定类型：
let log: Log = ...


type Log<T> = (value: T) => T;

interface Log<T> {
  (value: T):T
}

// 等价的，使用时必须指定类型
let log: Log<number> = ...

泛型 2

Generic Class

demo

Property 'name' has no initializer and is not definitely assigned in the constructor.(2564)


interface Named<T> {
  name: string;
  value: T; // <-- added
}
class MyNamed<T> implements Named<T> {
  name: 'mine';
  value: T; // <-- added
}
function findByName<T>(x: Named<T>): T {
  // TODO: Implement
  return undefined;
}

var x: MyNamed<string>;
var y = findByName(x); // got y: string;

https://errorsfixing.com/how-to-solve-t-could-be-instantiated-with-an-arbitrary-type-which-could-be-unrelated-to-t/


interface Named<T> {
  name: string;
  value: T; // <-- added
}
class MyNamed<T> implements Named<T> {
  // name: 'mine'|undefined;
  // name!: 'mine';
  // name: 'mine'="mine";
  name: string = 'mine';
  // value: T;
  value!: T; // <-- added
}
function findByName<T>(x: Named<T>): T {
  // TODO: Implement
  return undefined;
  // Type 'undefined' is not assignable to type 'T'.
  // 'T' could be instantiated with an arbitrary type which could be unrelated to 'undefined'.(2322)
}

var x: MyNamed<string> = {
  name: 'eric',
  value: '2022',
};
var y = findByName(x); // got y: string;

https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/declaration-files/do-s-and-don-ts.html#generics

https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/wiki/FAQ#why-doesnt-type-inference-work-on-this-interface-interface-foot--

https://www.typescriptlang.org/play?#code/JYOwLgpgTgZghgYwgAgHJwLYQCYB4AqAfMgN4BQyyImEAXMgM5hSgDmA3BcgG5wA2AVzrJ87ZAHpxyXAFoZyONmw4yAXzII+cBg2QBZAJ7oseIsmAYADnwhZwu4zgLFylalnoByDKAifOlLyCwqISUrLyisrYamQwAiAIYMAA9iDIMKDYAEJGNM4AFAAe9I6mhACU9PikXJIiAPIAIg30AJJWNnZgXFAQYAJQ6QnKmSA4nOpkvFDIJfp5JrhMLCCshJwzyAbIALwZWbmOxRVi9awpYNv0K2zsQA

https://www.typescriptlang.org/play?#code/JYOwLgpgTgZghgYwgAgHJwLYQCYB4AqAfMgN4BQyyImEAXMgM5hSgDmA3BcgG5wA2AVzrJ87ZAHpxyXAFoZyONmw4yAXzII+cBg2QBZAJ7oseIsmAYADnwhZwu4zgLFylSVRr0A5BlAQvAD4CIMowfticblLUWACE3r4g-pES0Z7IPn5eALwARIkQuSkxwkwsIKzI2RkFXinuvILColyNQvEiYu6y8orK2GpkMMEIYMAA9iDIYSEAQkY0zgAUAB70jqaEAJT0+KRc7vgA8gAiR-QAklY2dmBcUBBgAlBTwaHh9VL4BpYoXm8QGY4LzmXQgcZgBQ6YCsagAIxsyDA4yRPz++C8ADoDlIvBjkAhxgI+NhkHCUKAmHBwMA4JBSQB3YBgAAWCimcCgcOZUE5BlRv2QDJZwAQbMJxNJ5OQwQeWnpSJR-xCgPCWKWACYAMwajVbQZkXhQZBrfQLEy4MpsYjVVweLDeaCirwAGla-CE3g1AAZda61Jwjch+dUZth5o5VlsulJWBDg-QrRV2EA