Spring的事务实现原理
Spring事务
Spring本身并不实现事务,Spring事务的本质还是底层数据库对事务的支持,没有数据库事务的支持,Spring事务就不会生效。
例如:使用JDBC操作数据库,使用事务的步骤主要分为如下5步:
第一步:获取连接Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection();
第二步:开启事务con.setAutoCommit(true/false);
第三步:执行CRUD;
第四步:提交事务/回滚事务con.commit() / con.rollback();
第五步:关闭连接conn.close();
采用Spring事务后,只需要关注第三步的实现,其他的步骤都是Spring自动完成。
Spring事务的本质其实就是数据库对事务的支持,Spring只提供统一事务管理接口,具体实现都是由各数据库自己实现。
Spring事务使用
Spring事务管理有两种方式:编程式事务管理、声明式事务管理。
编程式事务
所谓编程式事务指的是通过编码方式实现事务,允许用户在代码中精确定义事务的边界。
Spring团队通常建议使用TransactionTemplate进行程序化事务管理,如下所示:
@Autowired
private TransactionTemplate transactionTemplate;
public void testTransaction() {
transactionTemplate.execute (new TransactionCallbackWithoutResult() {
@Override
protected void doInTransactionWithoutResult(TransactionStatus transactionStatus)
try {
// l....业务代码
}catch (Exception e){
//回滚
transactionStatus.setRollbackOnly(O);
}
});
}
声明式事务
声明式事务最大的优点:就是不需要通过编程的方式管理事务,只需在需要使用的地方标注@Transactional注解,就能为该方法开启事务了。
如下所示:
@Transactional
public void insert (string userName){
this.jdbcTemplate.update ("insert into t_user (name) values (?)",userName);
}
Spring事务实现原理
想要了解Spring事务的实现原理,一个绕不开的点就是Spring AOP,因为事务就是依靠Spring AOP实现的。
@EnableTransactionManagement是开启注解式事务的事务,如果注解式事务真的有玄机,那么@EnableTransactionManagement就是我们揭开秘密的突破口。
@EnableTransactionManagement注解源码如下:
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Import({TransactionManagementConfigurationSelector.class})
public @interface EnableTransactionManagement {
//用来表示默认使用JDK Dynamic Proxy还是CGLIB Proxy
boolean proxyTargetClass() default false;
//表示以Proxy-based方式实现AOP还是以weaving-based方式实现AOP
AdviceMode mode() default AdviceMode.PROXY;
//顺序
int order() default 2147483647;
}
@EnableTransactionManagement注解,主要通过@lmport引入了另一个配置TransactionManagentConfigurationSelector。
在Spring中Selector通常都是用来选择一些Bean,向容器注册:AutoProxyRegistrar、ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration两个Bean。
ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration是一个配置类,实现类主要是TransactionInterceptor,这里会涉及Spring AOP实现切面逻辑织入。
要实现AOP需要明确两个点:
1)定义切点:需要在哪里做增强?
2)定义增强逻辑:需要做什么样的增强逻辑?
如果对于这两点,Spring主要通过事务代理管理配置类: ProxyTransactionManagementConfiguration来实现的
首先看下核心调用接口TransactionInterceptor实现的invoke()方法的源码:
public Object invoke(final MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
//获取需要织入事务逻辑的目标类
Class<?> targetClass = (invocation.getThis() != null ? AopUtils.getTargetClass(invocation.getThis()) : null);
//进行事务逻辑的织入
return invokeWithinTransaction(invocation.getMethod(), targetClass, invocation::proceed);
}
在invokeWithinTransaction中会调用createTransactionlfNecessary方法:
protected TransactionInfo createTransactionIfNecessary(@Nullable PlatformTransactionManager tm,
@Nullable TransactionAttribute txAttr, final String joinpointIdentification) {
//如果TransactionAttribute的名称为空,则创建一个代理的TransactionAttribute,
//并且将其名称设置为需要织入事务的方法的名称
if (txAttr != null && txAttr.getName() == null) {
txAttr = new DelegatingTransactionAttribute(txAttr) {
@Override
public String getName() {
return joinpointIdentification;
}
};
}
TransactionStatus status = null;
if (txAttr != null) {
if (tm != null) {
//如果事务属性不为空,并且TransactionManager都存在,
//则通过TransactionManager获取当前事务状态的对象
status = tm.getTransaction(txAttr);
}
else {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Skipping transactional joinpoint [" + joinpointIdentification +
"] because no transaction manager has been configured");
}
}
}
//将当前事务属性和事务状态封装为一个TransactionInfo,这里主要做的工作是将事务属性绑定到当前线程
return prepareTransactionInfo(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification, status);
}
这里对事务的创建,首先会判断封装事务属性的对象名称是否为空,如果不为空,则以目标方法的标识符作为其名称,然后通过TransactionManager创建事务。
如下是PlatformTransactionManager.getTransaction()方法的源码:
public final TransactionStatus getTransaction(@Nullable TransactionDefinition definition) throws TransactionException {
Object transaction = doGetTransaction();
boolean debugEnabled = logger.isDebugEnabled();
if (definition == null) {
//如果TransactionDefinition为空则使用默认配置
definition = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
}
if (isExistingTransaction(transaction)) {
//如果有存在的事务,则处理存在的事物
return handleExistingTransaction(definition, transaction, debugEnabled);
}
//判断事务是否超时
if (definition.getTimeout() < TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
throw new InvalidTimeoutException("Invalid transaction timeout", definition.getTimeout());
}
//使用PROPAGAT工ON_MANDATORY这个级别,没有可用的事务则抛异常
if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_MANDATORY) {
throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
"No existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation 'mandatory'");
}
else if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED ||
definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW ||
definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED) {
SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResources = suspend(null);
if (debugEnabled) {
logger.debug("Creating new transaction with name [" + definition.getName() + "]: " + definition);
}
try {
boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
//根据隔离级别开始事务
doBegin(transaction, definition);
prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
return status;
}
catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {
resume(null, suspendedResources);
throw ex;
}
}
else {
// Create "empty" transaction: no actual transaction, but potentially synchronization.
if (definition.getIsolationLevel() != TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_DEFAULT && logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Custom isolation level specified but no actual transaction initiated; " +
"isolation level will effectively be ignored: " + definition);
}
boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() == SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS);
return prepareTransactionStatus(definition, null, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
}
}
doBegin会调用DataSourceTransactionManager的doBegin方法设置当前连接为手动提交事务。
protected void doBegin(Object transaction, TransactionDefinition definition) {
DataSourceTransactionManager.DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionManager.DataSourceTransactionObject)transaction;
Connection con = null;
try {
//获取数据库连接
if (!txObject.hasConnectionHolder() || txObject.getConnectionHolder().isSynchronizedWithTransaction()) {
Connection newCon = this.obtainDataSource().getConnection();
if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
this.logger.debug("Acquired Connection [" + newCon + "] for JDBC transaction");
}
txObject.setConnectionHolder(new ConnectionHolder(newCon), true);
}
txObject.getConnectionHolder().setSynchronizedWithTransaction(true);
con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();
Integer previousIsolationLevel = DataSourceUtils.prepareConnectionForTransaction(con, definition);
txObject.setPreviousIsolationLevel(previousIsolationLevel);
//如果连接是自动提交,则设置成手动
if (con.getAutoCommit()) {
txObject.setMustRestoreAutoCommit(true);
if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
this.logger.debug("Switching JDBC Connection [" + con + "] to manual commit");
}
con.setAutoCommit(false);
}
//这里会和数据库通信
this.prepareTransactionalConnection(con, definition);
txObject.getConnectionHolder().setTransactionActive(true);
int timeout = this.determineTimeout(definition);
if (timeout != -1) {
txObject.getConnectionHolder().setTimeoutInSeconds(timeout);
}
if (txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()) {
TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(this.obtainDataSource(), txObject.getConnectionHolder());
}
} catch (Throwable var7) {
if (txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()) {
DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, this.obtainDataSource());
txObject.setConnectionHolder((ConnectionHolder)null, false);
}
throw new CannotCreateTransactionException("Could not open JDBC Connection for transaction", var7);
}
}
再看回org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport#invokeWithinTransaction方法,这里显示了aop 如何处理事务
if (txAttr == null || !(tm instanceof CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager)) {
// 获取事务
TransactionInfo txInfo = createTransactionIfNecessary(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification);
Object retVal = null;
try {
//触发后面的拦截器和方法本身
retVal = invocation.proceedWithInvocation();
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
//捕获异常, 处理回滚
completeTransactionAfterThrowing(txInfo, ex);
throw ex;
}
finally {
//重置threadLocal中事务状态
cleanupTransactionInfo(txInfo);
}
commitTransactionAfterReturning(txInfo);
return retVal;
}
再看一下completeTransactionAfterThrowing方法,如果是需要回滚的异常则执行回滚,否则执行提交
protected void completeTransactionAfterThrowing(@Nullable TransactionInfo txInfo, Throwable ex) {
if (txInfo != null && txInfo.getTransactionStatus() != null) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Completing transaction for [" + txInfo.getJoinpointIdentification() +
"] after exception: " + ex);
}
//需要回滚的异常
if (txInfo.transactionAttribute != null && txInfo.transactionAttribute.rollbackOn(ex)) {
try {
//执行回滚
txInfo.getTransactionManager().rollback(txInfo.getTransactionStatus());
}
catch (TransactionSystemException ex2) {
logger.error("Application exception overridden by rollback exception", ex);
ex2.initApplicationException(ex);
throw ex2;
}
catch (RuntimeException | Error ex2) {
logger.error("Application exception overridden by rollback exception", ex);
throw ex2;
}
}
else {
try {
//提交
txInfo.getTransactionManager().commit(txInfo.getTransactionStatus());
}
catch (TransactionSystemException ex2) {
logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", ex);
ex2.initApplicationException(ex);
throw ex2;
}
catch (RuntimeException | Error ex2) {
logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", ex);
throw ex2;
}
}
}
}
Spring事务原理总结
Spring事务的本质其实就是Spring AOP和数据库事务,Spring将数据库的事务操作提取为切面,通过AOP在方法执行前后增加数据库事务操作。