SpringBoot项目的POM文件分析
pom.xml内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.3.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<groupId>com.cunyu</groupId>
<artifactId>springboot-03</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>springboot-03</name>
<description>spring boot - 03</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
主要有四个部分:
- 项目元数据
即 Maven 项目的基本元素,包括 groupId、artifactId、version、name、description 等;
- parent
继承 spring-boot-starter-parent 的依赖管理,控制版本与打包等等内容;
- dependencies
项目具体依赖,默认包含 spring-boot-starter-web,用于实现HTTP接口(该依赖中包含了Spring MVC);spring-boot-starter-test用于编写单元测试的依赖包。后续开发中,主要就是在这里添加各种依赖。
- build
构建配置部分,默认使用 spring-boot-maven-plugin,配合 spring-boot-starter-parent 可以把 Spring Boot 应用打包成 jar 来直接运行。
Spring Boot中parent标签的作用
在Spring Boot的官方示例中,都是让我们继承一个spring的 spring-boot-starter-parent作为parent标签。
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
这个parent标签有一个最常用的功能,就是定义子标签的依赖版本号,然而它的功能却不仅仅如此。
parent 源码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath>../../spring-boot-dependencies</relativePath>
</parent>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<name>Spring Boot Starter Parent</name>
<description>Parent pom providing dependency and plugin management for applications
built with Maven</description>
<url>https://projects.spring.io/spring-boot/#/spring-boot-starter-parent</url>
<properties>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<resource.delimiter>@</resource.delimiter>
<maven.compiler.source>${java.version}</maven.compiler.source>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.target>${java.version}</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<filtering>true</filtering>
<directory>${basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
<includes>
<include>**/application*.yml</include>
<include>**/application*.yaml</include>
<include>**/application*.properties</include>
</includes>
</resource>
<resource>
<directory>${basedir}/src/main/resources</directory>
<excludes>
<exclude>**/application*.yml</exclude>
<exclude>**/application*.yaml</exclude>
<exclude>**/application*.properties</exclude>
</excludes>
</resource>
</resources>
<pluginManagement>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.jetbrains.kotlin</groupId>
<artifactId>kotlin-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${kotlin.version}</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>compile</id>
<phase>compile</phase>
<goals>
<goal>compile</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>test-compile</id>
<phase>test-compile</phase>
<goals>
<goal>test-compile</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
<jvmTarget>${java.version}</jvmTarget>
<javaParameters>true</javaParameters>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<parameters>true</parameters>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>integration-test</goal>
<goal>verify</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
<classesDirectory>${project.build.outputDirectory}</classesDirectory>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<archive>
<manifest>
<mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
<addDefaultImplementationEntries>true</addDefaultImplementationEntries>
</manifest>
</archive>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<archive>
<manifest>
<mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
<addDefaultImplementationEntries>true</addDefaultImplementationEntries>
</manifest>
</archive>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<delimiters>
<delimiter>${resource.delimiter}</delimiter>
</delimiters>
<useDefaultDelimiters>false</useDefaultDelimiters>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>pl.project13.maven</groupId>
<artifactId>git-commit-id-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>revision</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
<verbose>true</verbose>
<dateFormat>yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssZ</dateFormat>
<generateGitPropertiesFile>true</generateGitPropertiesFile>
<generateGitPropertiesFilename>${project.build.outputDirectory}/git.properties</generateGitPropertiesFilename>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>repackage</id>
<goals>
<goal>repackage</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
<configuration>
<mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>shade</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<transformers>
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
<resource>META-INF/spring.handlers</resource>
</transformer>
<transformer implementation="org.springframework.boot.maven.PropertiesMergingResourceTransformer">
<resource>META-INF/spring.factories</resource>
</transformer>
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.AppendingTransformer">
<resource>META-INF/spring.schemas</resource>
</transformer>
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ServicesResourceTransformer"/>
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
<mainClass>${start-class}</mainClass>
</transformer>
</transformers>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<configuration>
<keepDependenciesWithProvidedScope>true</keepDependenciesWithProvidedScope>
<createDependencyReducedPom>true</createDependencyReducedPom>
<filters>
<filter>
<artifact>*:*</artifact>
<excludes>
<exclude>META-INF/*.SF</exclude>
<exclude>META-INF/*.DSA</exclude>
<exclude>META-INF/*.RSA</exclude>
</excludes>
</filter>
</filters>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>
<artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>
<version>1.0.0</version>
<configuration>
<lifecycleMappingMetadata>
<pluginExecutions>
<pluginExecution>
<pluginExecutionFilter>
<groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
<artifactId>flatten-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<versionRange>[1.0.0,)</versionRange>
<goals>
<goal>flatten</goal>
</goals>
</pluginExecutionFilter>
<action>
<ignore/>
</action>
</pluginExecution>
<pluginExecution>
<pluginExecutionFilter>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-checkstyle-plugin</artifactId>
<versionRange>[3.0.0,)</versionRange>
<goals>
<goal>check</goal>
</goals>
</pluginExecutionFilter>
<action>
<ignore/>
</action>
</pluginExecution>
</pluginExecutions>
</lifecycleMappingMetadata>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
parent基本功能
从上面的源码中我们可以看到parent主要有如下功能:
- 定义了一个父标签spring-boot-dependencies,这个里边定义了依赖的版本,也正是因为继承了这个依赖,所以我们在写依赖时才不需要写版本号
- 使用默认编码格式为 UTF-8
- 定义了 Java 编译版本为 1.8
- 定义了针对 application.properties 和 application.yml 的资源过滤,包括通过 profile 定义的不同环境的配置文件,例如 application-dev.properties 和 application-dev.yml
- 执行打包操作的配置
- 自动化的资源过滤
- 自动化的插件配置
使用自定义的parent
当我们需要使用自己定义的 parent ,我们的 Spring Boot 项目要继承自公司内部的 parent ,这个时候可以这么做。
一个简单的办法就是我们自行定义dependencyManagement 节点,然后在里边定义好版本号,再接下来在引用依赖时也就不用写版本号了,像下面这样:
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
但这种方式只能解决依赖的版本号问题,如果我们仍然需要关于打包的插件、编译的 JDK 版本、文件的编码格式等等这些配置,在没有 parent 的时候,这些统统要自己去配置。
springboot maven 打包插件
springboot项目默认生成的可执行jar,为什么不能作为依赖导入其他项目?
Spring Boot 项目默认的插件是spring-boot-maven-plugin
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
使用上面的插件会将项目A打包成一个可执行的jar 和一个.original文件如下:
可以看到,可执行的jar包比另一个original文件大多了,分别解压这两个文件,original文件去掉后缀重命名可解压:可执行jar打开如下:
original文件重命名后打开如下:
从这两张图片对比可以得知,可执行jar将项目的依赖都放进去了且目录和传统的jar包目录不同,多了一层BOOT-INF,因此这个jar包不能直接作为其他项目的依赖,不可执行jar没有把依赖打进去,和传统的jar包目录一致,因此去掉它的.original后缀可以作为其他项目的依赖。
有没有办法可以一次性获得可执行jar和依赖jar呢?
官方当然也准备了,使用下面的插件即可:
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<classifier>exec</classifier>
</configuration>
</plugin>
打包结果:
1)遇到的问题
将上述A项目的依赖jar引入另一个项目B时,启动项目依旧报找不到相关依赖?
2)原因
因为上述的依赖jar 并没有把A项目依赖的其他jar包给引进来,只是把A项目的代码给打成了jar包。
3)解决办法
将上述的A项目依赖jar安装到本地maven仓库或者公司的私服,然后在B项目通过maven引入,因为通过maven引入的方式,项目会自动去寻找依赖jar本身所需要引入的依赖。(推荐)将上述的A项目依赖jar直接放到B项目工程下,即springboot引入第三方jar的方式,这样引入后,还需要单独把A项目中用到的依赖,在B项目的pom文件单独再引入一下。采用下面的打包插件,在打A项目的依赖jar时,就把A项目需要的依赖全部一起打进去。
将项目中所有依赖都打进依赖jar的打包插件:
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId>
<descriptorRefs>
<descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>
</descriptorRefs>
<archive>
<manifest>
<!-- 此处指定 main 方法入口的class -->
<mainClass>com.libii.sso.LibiiSpringBootStartApplication</mainClass>
</manifest>
</archive>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>make-assembly</id>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>single</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
打包结果: