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FJUT - OJ优先队列专题题解

 

一、Ugly Numbers

 

  • 题目说一个数的质因数只包含2、3或者5(一个或多个),就是丑陋数。拜托,为啥这些数就丑陋了。然后题目特别说明第一个丑陋数是1
  • 题目多组数据输入到0为止,然后输出第n个丑陋数。
  • 解题思路就是对于一个丑陋数k,那么一定有2*k、3*k和5*k也是丑陋数,所以按照这个思路入队模拟打表即可
  • 值得注意的是,对于2*k1来说可能和 3*k2重复,例如2*12 = 3*8;所以在入队的时候不能让重复元素入队。
  • 代码:
 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <string>
 3 #include <cstdio>
 4 #include <cstdlib>
 5 #include <sstream>
 6 #include <iomanip>
 7 #include <map>
 8 #include <stack>
 9 #include <deque>
10 #include <queue>
11 #include <vector>
12 #include <set>
13 #include <list>
14 #include <cstring>
15 #include <cctype>
16 #include <algorithm>
17 #include <iterator>
18 #include <cmath>
19 #include <bitset>
20 #include <ctime>
21 #include <fstream>
22 #include <limits.h>
23 #include <numeric>
24 
25 using namespace std;
26 
27 #define F first
28 #define S second
29 #define mian main
30 #define ture true
31 
32 #define MAXN 1000000+5
33 #define MOD 1000000007
34 #define PI (acos(-1.0))
35 #define EPS 1e-6
36 #define MMT(s) memset(s, 0, sizeof s)
37 typedef unsigned long long ull;
38 typedef long long ll;
39 typedef double db;
40 typedef long double ldb;
41 typedef stringstream sstm;
42 const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
43 
44 priority_queue<ll,vector<ll>,greater<ll> >q;
45 vector<ll>p(1501);
46 
47 void init(){
48     q.push(1);
49     int num = 1;
50     for(int i = 1; i <= 1501; i++){
51         ll sum = q.top();
52         q.pop();
53         p[num++] = sum;
54         ll a = sum*2, b = sum*3, c = sum*5;
55         if((a % 5) && (a % 3))
56             q.push(a);
57         if(b % 5)
58             q.push(b);
59         q.push(c);
60     }
61 }
62 
63 int main(){
64     ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
65     cout.tie(0);
66     cin.tie(0);
67     int n;
68     init();
69     while(cin>>n && n){
70         cout << p[n] << endl;
71     }
72 
73     return 0;
74 }
View Code

二、The kth great number

  • 题意就是第一行输入n,k,表示下面有n行操作,I a表示把a入队,Q表示查询并输出当前数字中第k大的数。
  • 用优先队列存k个元素,当已经存了k个元素,新元素进入再出队就行了。
  • 代码:
 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <string>
 3 #include <cstdio>
 4 #include <cstdlib>
 5 #include <sstream>
 6 #include <iomanip>
 7 #include <map>
 8 #include <stack>
 9 #include <deque>
10 #include <queue>
11 #include <vector>
12 #include <set>
13 #include <list>
14 #include <cstring>
15 #include <cctype>
16 #include <algorithm>
17 #include <iterator>
18 #include <cmath>
19 #include <bitset>
20 #include <ctime>
21 #include <fstream>
22 #include <limits.h>
23 #include <numeric>
24 
25 using namespace std;
26 
27 #define F first
28 #define S second
29 #define mian main
30 #define ture true
31 
32 #define MAXN 1000000+5
33 #define MOD 1000000007
34 #define PI (acos(-1.0))
35 #define EPS 1e-6
36 #define MMT(s) memset(s, 0, sizeof s)
37 typedef unsigned long long ull;
38 typedef long long ll;
39 typedef double db;
40 typedef long double ldb;
41 typedef stringstream sstm;
42 const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
43 
44 struct node{
45     int num;
46     friend bool operator < (node a,node b){
47         return a.num > b.num;
48     }
49 }temp;
50 
51 int main(){
52     ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
53     cout.tie(0);
54     cin.tie(0);
55     int n,k;
56     while(~scanf("%d%d",&n,&k)){
57         priority_queue<node>q;
58         for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
59             char tp;
60             int num;
61             scanf(" %c",&tp);
62             if(tp == 'I'){
63                 scanf("%d",&num);
64                 if(q.size() >= k){
65                     if(num > q.top().num){
66                         q.pop();
67                         temp.num = num;
68                         q.push(temp);
69                     }
70                 }
71                 else{
72                     temp.num = num;
73                     q.push(temp);
74                 }
75             }
76             else{
77                 int res = q.top().num;
78                 cout << res << endl;
79             }
80         }
81     }
82 
83     return 0;
84 }
View Code

三、Fence Repair

  • 题面坑死我了,好半天才搞懂题意,就是第一行n,然后下面n个数,表示要把原木头锯成这么n段。然后每一次锯木头就消耗木头长度的钱,问最少要多少钱。
  • 思路是递归的思路,从最短的开始往回推,因为设锯开后的长度分别为a,b,肯定要保证a+b最小,才能消耗最少。
  • 所以就是从最小和次小的开始,加起来入队,同时消耗的金钱也要加上这个和。
  • 代码:
 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <string>
 3 #include <cstdio>
 4 #include <cstdlib>
 5 #include <sstream>
 6 #include <iomanip>
 7 #include <map>
 8 #include <stack>
 9 #include <deque>
10 #include <queue>
11 #include <vector>
12 #include <set>
13 #include <list>
14 #include <cstring>
15 #include <cctype>
16 #include <algorithm>
17 #include <iterator>
18 #include <cmath>
19 #include <bitset>
20 #include <ctime>
21 #include <fstream>
22 #include <limits.h>
23 #include <numeric>
24 
25 using namespace std;
26 
27 #define F first
28 #define S second
29 #define mian main
30 #define ture true
31 
32 #define MAXN 1000000+5
33 #define MOD 1000000007
34 #define PI (acos(-1.0))
35 #define EPS 1e-6
36 #define MMT(s) memset(s, 0, sizeof s)
37 typedef unsigned long long ull;
38 typedef long long ll;
39 typedef double db;
40 typedef long double ldb;
41 typedef stringstream sstm;
42 const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
43 
44 int main(){
45     ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
46     cout.tie(0);
47     cin.tie(0);
48     int n;
49     while(cin>>n){
50         priority_queue<int, vector<int>,greater<int> >q;
51         ll ans = 0,num,a,b;
52         for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
53             cin>>num;
54             q.push(num);
55         }
56         while(q.size() > 1){
57             a = q.top();
58             q.pop();
59             b = q.top();
60             q.pop();
61             q.push(a+b);
62             ans += a+b;
63         }
64         cout << ans << endl;
65     }
66 
67     return 0;
68 }
View Code

四、看病要排队

  • 另一篇文章有讲这个题,思路就是开三个优先队列模拟即可
  • 代码:
  1 #include <iostream>
  2 #include <string>
  3 #include <cstdio>
  4 #include <cstdlib>
  5 #include <sstream>
  6 #include <iomanip>
  7 #include <map>
  8 #include <stack>
  9 #include <deque>
 10 #include <queue>
 11 #include <vector>
 12 #include <set>
 13 #include <list>
 14 #include <cstring>
 15 #include <cctype>
 16 #include <algorithm>
 17 #include <iterator>
 18 #include <cmath>
 19 #include <bitset>
 20 #include <ctime>
 21 #include <fstream>
 22 #include <limits.h>
 23 #include <numeric>
 24 
 25 using namespace std;
 26 
 27 #define F first
 28 #define S second
 29 #define mian main
 30 #define ture true
 31 
 32 #define MAXN 1000000+5
 33 #define MOD 1000000007
 34 #define PI (acos(-1.0))
 35 #define EPS 1e-6
 36 #define MMT(s) memset(s, 0, sizeof s)
 37 typedef unsigned long long ull;
 38 typedef long long ll;
 39 typedef double db;
 40 typedef long double ldb;
 41 typedef stringstream sstm;
 42 const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
 43 
 44 struct node{
 45     int id;
 46     int cnt;
 47     node(int id,int cnt):id(id),cnt(cnt){}
 48     friend operator < (node a,node b){
 49         if(a.cnt == b.cnt){
 50             return a.id > b.id;
 51         }
 52         return a.cnt < b.cnt;
 53     }
 54 };
 55 
 56 int main(){
 57     ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
 58     cout.tie(0);
 59     cin.tie(0);
 60     int n;
 61     while(cin>>n){
 62         priority_queue<node>j,k,l;
 63         int tot = 1;
 64         for(int i = 1; i <= n; i++){
 65             string s;
 66             int a,b;
 67             cin>>s;
 68             if(s[0] == 'I'){
 69                 cin>>a>>b;
 70                 node tp(tot++,b);
 71                 if(a == 1){
 72                     j.push(tp);
 73                 }
 74                 else if(a == 2){
 75                     k.push(tp);
 76                 }
 77                 else if(a == 3){
 78                     l.push(tp);
 79                 }
 80             }
 81             else if(s[0] == 'O'){
 82                 cin>>a;
 83                 if(a == 1){
 84                     if(j.empty()){
 85                         cout<<"EMPTY"<<endl;
 86                     }
 87                     else{
 88                         node tp = j.top();
 89                         j.pop();
 90                         cout<<tp.id<<endl;
 91                     }
 92                 }
 93                 else if(a == 2){
 94                     if(k.empty()){
 95                         cout<<"EMPTY"<<endl;
 96                     }
 97                     else{
 98                         node tp = k.top();
 99                         k.pop();
100                         cout<<tp.id<<endl;
101                     }
102                 }
103                 else if(a == 3){
104                     if(l.empty()){
105                         cout<<"EMPTY"<<endl;
106                     }
107                     else{
108                         node tp = l.top();
109                         l.pop();
110                         cout<<tp.id<<endl;
111                     }
112                 }
113 
114             }
115         }
116     }
117     return 0;
118 }
View Code

五、Windows Message Queue

  • 就是叫你模拟信息队列
  • 两种操作GET就是得到优先级最高的信息出队,PUT三个参数,序号,信息,优先级值。
  • 题目说明优先级值越低的优先级越高,然后优先级值相同时,谁先进谁优先级高。
  • 队列为空时输出EMPTY QUEUE!
  • 开个结构体存信息,优先级值,序号,重载一下<号,模拟即可
  • 代码:
 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <string>
 3 #include <cstdio>
 4 #include <cstdlib>
 5 #include <sstream>
 6 #include <iomanip>
 7 #include <map>
 8 #include <stack>
 9 #include <deque>
10 #include <queue>
11 #include <vector>
12 #include <set>
13 #include <list>
14 #include <cstring>
15 #include <cctype>
16 #include <algorithm>
17 #include <iterator>
18 #include <cmath>
19 #include <bitset>
20 #include <ctime>
21 #include <fstream>
22 #include <limits.h>
23 #include <numeric>
24 
25 using namespace std;
26 
27 #define F first
28 #define S second
29 #define mian main
30 #define ture true
31 
32 #define MAXN 1000000+5
33 #define MOD 1000000007
34 #define PI (acos(-1.0))
35 #define EPS 1e-6
36 #define MMT(s) memset(s, 0, sizeof s)
37 typedef unsigned long long ull;
38 typedef long long ll;
39 typedef double db;
40 typedef long double ldb;
41 typedef stringstream sstm;
42 const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
43 
44 struct node{
45     string msg;
46     int num,id;
47     node(string _msg,int _num,int _id):msg(_msg),num(_num),id(_id){}
48     friend operator < (node a,node b){
49         if(a.num == b.num){
50             return a.id > b.id;
51         }
52         return a.num > b.num;
53     }
54 };
55 
56 int main(){
57     ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
58     cout.tie(0);
59     cin.tie(0);
60     priority_queue<node,vector<node>,less<node> >p;
61     int i = 0;
62     while(++i){
63         string s;
64         if(!(cin>>s)){
65             break;
66         }
67         if(s[0] == 'G'){
68             if(p.empty()){
69                 cout << "EMPTY QUEUE!" << endl;
70             }
71             else{
72                 node tp = p.top();
73                 p.pop();
74                 cout << tp.msg << endl;
75             }
76         }
77         else{
78             string msg,ct;
79             int num;
80             cin>>msg>>ct>>num;
81             //cout << msg << " " << ct << " " << num << endl;
82             msg = msg + ' ' + ct;
83             //cout << msg << endl;
84             p.push(node(msg,num,i));
85 
86         }
87     }
88 
89     return 0;
90 }
View Code

六、Black Box

  • 也是欺负我英语不好,翻译老半天
  • 第一行给你一个n和k
  • 第二行n个数,第三行k个数
  • 然后输出当第ki个数输入是,第i小的数是多少。
  • 思路是开一个小顶堆和大顶堆,当查询第i个元素时,把前ki个元素先入小顶堆,然后把交换两个堆的元素,直到保证小顶堆所有元素都大于大顶堆里面的,这样小顶堆的首元素就是第i小的数。然后依次把小顶堆的数往大顶堆移即可。
  • 代码:
 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <string>
 3 #include <cstdio>
 4 #include <cstdlib>
 5 #include <sstream>
 6 #include <iomanip>
 7 #include <map>
 8 #include <stack>
 9 #include <deque>
10 #include <queue>
11 #include <vector>
12 #include <set>
13 #include <list>
14 #include <cstring>
15 #include <cctype>
16 #include <algorithm>
17 #include <iterator>
18 #include <cmath>
19 #include <bitset>
20 #include <ctime>
21 #include <fstream>
22 #include <limits.h>
23 #include <numeric>
24 
25 using namespace std;
26 
27 #define F first
28 #define S second
29 #define mian main
30 #define ture true
31 
32 #define MAXN 1000000+5
33 #define MOD 1000000007
34 #define PI (acos(-1.0))
35 #define EPS 1e-6
36 #define MMT(s) memset(s, 0, sizeof s)
37 typedef unsigned long long ull;
38 typedef long long ll;
39 typedef double db;
40 typedef long double ldb;
41 typedef stringstream sstm;
42 const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
43 
44 int a[30010];
45 
46 int main(){
47     ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
48     cout.tie(0);
49     cin.tie(0);
50     int n,m,x;
51     priority_queue<int, vector<int>,greater<int> >p;
52     priority_queue<int, vector<int>,less<int> >q;
53     cin>>n>>m;
54     for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
55         cin>>a[i];
56     }
57     int c = 0;
58     for(int i = 0; i < m; i++){
59         cin>>x;
60         while(c < x){
61            p.push(a[c++]);
62         }
63         while(!q.empty() && p.top() < q.top()){
64               int t = p.top();
65               p.pop();
66               p.push(q.top());
67               q.pop();
68               q.push(t);
69         }
70         cout << p.top() << endl;
71         q.push(p.top());
72         p.pop();
73     }
74     return 0;
75 }
View Code

七、Stones

  • 另一篇博文也有些,就是开个结构体存位置和能抛多远就行,再重构一下排序操作。
  • 代码:
 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <string>
 3 #include <cstdio>
 4 #include <cstdlib>
 5 #include <sstream>
 6 #include <iomanip>
 7 #include <map>
 8 #include <stack>
 9 #include <deque>
10 #include <queue>
11 #include <vector>
12 #include <set>
13 #include <list>
14 #include <cstring>
15 #include <cctype>
16 #include <algorithm>
17 #include <iterator>
18 #include <cmath>
19 #include <bitset>
20 #include <ctime>
21 #include <fstream>
22 #include <limits.h>
23 #include <numeric>
24 
25 using namespace std;
26 
27 #define F first
28 #define S second
29 #define mian main
30 #define ture true
31 
32 #define MAXN 1000000+5
33 #define MOD 1000000007
34 #define PI (acos(-1.0))
35 #define EPS 1e-6
36 #define MMT(s) memset(s, 0, sizeof s)
37 typedef unsigned long long ull;
38 typedef long long ll;
39 typedef double db;
40 typedef long double ldb;
41 typedef stringstream sstm;
42 const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
43 
44 struct node{
45     int pos,num;
46     bool operator < (const node b)const{
47         if(pos != b.pos)
48             return b.pos < pos;
49         return b.num < num;
50     }
51 };
52 
53 int main(){
54     ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
55     cout.tie(0);
56     cin.tie(0);
57     int t,n;
58     node tp;
59     cin>>t;
60     while(t--){
61         cin>>n;
62         priority_queue<node>q;
63         for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
64              cin>>tp.pos>>tp.num;
65              q.push(tp);
66         }
67         int flag = 1;
68         while(!q.empty()){
69             tp = q.top();
70             q.pop();
71             if(flag){
72                 flag = 0;
73                 tp.pos += tp.num;
74                 q.push(tp);
75             }
76             else
77                 flag = 1;
78         }
79         cout << tp.pos << endl;;
80     }
81     return 0;
82 }
View Code

八、求中位数

  • 这道题开始我想偷懒vector处理直接tle =7=
  • 和黑盒子那题一样,开两个优先队列维护即可。
  • 不过这题有个坑点就是题目说明数据在int范围内,但你开int的堆就会wa,得开longlong(别问我为啥会知道=7=)
  • 代码:
 1 #include <iostream>
 2 #include <string>
 3 #include <cstdio>
 4 #include <cstdlib>
 5 #include <sstream>
 6 #include <iomanip>
 7 #include <map>
 8 #include <stack>
 9 #include <deque>
10 #include <queue>
11 #include <vector>
12 #include <set>
13 #include <list>
14 #include <cstring>
15 #include <cctype>
16 #include <algorithm>
17 #include <iterator>
18 #include <cmath>
19 #include <bitset>
20 #include <ctime>
21 #include <fstream>
22 #include <limits.h>
23 #include <numeric>
24 
25 using namespace std;
26 
27 #define F first
28 #define S second
29 #define mian main
30 #define ture true
31 
32 #define MAXN 1000000+5
33 #define MOD 1000000007
34 #define PI (acos(-1.0))
35 #define EPS 1e-6
36 #define MMT(s) memset(s, 0, sizeof s)
37 typedef unsigned long long ull;
38 typedef long long ll;
39 typedef double db;
40 typedef long double ldb;
41 typedef stringstream sstm;
42 const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
43 
44 int main(){
45     ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
46     cout.tie(0);
47     cin.tie(0);
48     int n;
49     while(cin>>n){
50         priority_queue<ll>q;
51         priority_queue<ll,vector<ll>,greater<ll> >p;
52         for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
53             ll a,b;
54             cin>>a;
55             if(a == 1){
56                 cin>>b;
57                 if(q.empty() && p.empty()){
58                     q.push(b);
59                 }
60                 else{
61                     if(b > q.top()){
62                         p.push(b);
63                     }
64                     else{
65                         q.push(b);
66                     }
67                     if(q.size() < p.size()){
68                         q.push(p.top());
69                         p.pop();
70                     }
71                     else if(q.size() > p.size() + 1){
72                         p.push(q.top());
73                         q.pop();
74                     }
75                 }
76             }
77             else{
78                 if((q.size() + p.size()) % 2 == 0){
79                     ll res = q.top() + p.top();
80                     if(res % 2 == 0)
81                         cout << res/2 << endl;
82                     else
83                         cout << fixed << setprecision(1) << (db)res/2.0 << endl;
84                 }
85                 else{
86                     ll res = q.top();
87                     cout << res << endl;
88                 }
89             }
90         }
91     }
92 
93     return 0;
94 }
View Code

 

posted @ 2018-07-27 21:14  Xenny  阅读(1000)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报