【Kth Smallest Element in a BST 】cpp

题目：

Given a binary search tree, write a function kthSmallest to find the kth smallest element in it.

Note: 
You may assume k is always valid, 1 ≤ k ≤ BST's total elements.

Follow up:
What if the BST is modified (insert/delete operations) often and you need to find the kth smallest frequently? How would you optimize the kthSmallest routine?

Hint:

1. Try to utilize the property of a BST.
2. What if you could modify the BST node's structure?
3. The optimal runtime complexity is O(height of BST).

Credits:
Special thanks to @ts for adding this problem and creating all test cases.

代码：

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    int kthSmallest(TreeNode* root, int k) {
            int count = 0;
            stack<TreeNode*> sta;
            TreeNode* curr = root;
            while ( !sta.empty() || curr )
            {
                if ( curr )
                {
                    sta.push(curr);
                    curr = curr->left;
                }
                else
                {    
                    curr = sta.top();
                    sta.pop();
                    count++;
                    if ( count==k ) return curr->val;
                    curr = curr->right;
                }
            }
            return curr->val;
    }
};

tips：

直观的做法是中序遍历BST，然后获得第k个元素。