【Next Permutation】cpp

题目：

Implement next permutation, which rearranges numbers into the lexicographically next greater permutation of numbers.

If such arrangement is not possible, it must rearrange it as the lowest possible order (ie, sorted in ascending order).

The replacement must be in-place, do not allocate extra memory.

Here are some examples. Inputs are in the left-hand column and its corresponding outputs are in the right-hand column.
1,2,3 → 1,3,2
3,2,1 → 1,2,3
1,1,5 → 1,5,1

代码：

class Solution {
public:
    void nextPermutation(vector<int> &num) {
        const int len = num.size();
        if (len<2) return;
        std::vector<int>::iterator pivot=num.end();
        // find the pivot pointer
        for (std::vector<int>::iterator i = num.end()-1; i != num.begin(); --i)
        {
            if ( *i>*(i-1) )
            {
                pivot = i-1;
                break;
            }
        }
        // if the largest, directly reverse
        if ( pivot==num.end() ) 
        {
            std::reverse(num.begin(), num.end());
            return;
        }
        // else exchange the value of pivot and it's next larger element
        std::vector<int>::iterator next_larger_pivot = pivot;
        for (std::vector<int>::iterator i = num.end()-1; i != num.begin(); --i)
        {
            if ( *pivot<*i )
            {
                next_larger_pivot = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        std::swap(*pivot, *next_larger_pivot);
        // reverse the pivot's right elements
        std::reverse(pivot+1, num.end());
    }
}

Tips:

上网搜搜Next Permutation的算法，分四步：

1. 从右往左找左比右小的左记为pivot

2. 从右往左找第一个比pivot大的记为next_larger_pivot

3. 交换pivot与next_larger_pivot所指向的元素

4. 让pivot右边的元素（不包括pivot）逆序

按照上面的算法，多测测case，找找边界条件。

注意找到pivot和next_larger_pivot之后要break退出循环。

===================================

第二次过这道题，思路已经记得比较模糊了。能做到的就是捡一遍思路，coding的过程很快。

            // from right to left find first violate increase trend
            int pos1 = -1;
            for ( int i=nums.size()-1; i>0; --i )
            {
                if ( nums[i]>nums[i-1] )
                {
                    pos1 = i-1;
                    break;
                }
            }
            // cout << "pos1:" << pos1 << endl;
            if ( pos1==-1 ) 
            {
                std::reverse(nums.begin(), nums.end());
                return;
            }
            // from right to left find the first larger than pos1
            int pos2 = nums.size()-1;
            for ( int i=nums.size()-1; i>=0; --i )
            {
                if ( nums[i]>nums[pos1] )
                {
                    pos2 = i;
                    break;
                }
            }
            // cout << "pos2:" << pos2 << endl;
            // swap pos1 pos2
            std::swap(nums[pos1], nums[pos2]);
            // reverse from pos1's right to end
            std::reverse(nums.begin()+pos1+1, nums.end());