网络编程总结
网络编程
1.1概述
地球村:你在西安,你一个美国的朋友!
信件:
计算机网络:
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的:
无线电台...传播交流信息,数据交换,通信
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
- 如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机 168.16.124:端口,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
- 找到了这个主机,如何传输数据呢?
Javaweb:网页编程 B/S
网络编程: C/S
1.2网络通信的要素
通信双方地址:
- Ip
- 端口号
规则:网络通信的协议
TCP/IP参考模型:
OSI七层网络模型 |
TCP/IP四层概念模型 |
对应网络协议 |
应用层(Application) |
应用层 |
HTTP,TFTP,FTP,NFS,WAIS,SMTP |
表示层(Presentation) |
Telnet,Rlogin,SNMP,Gopher |
|
会话层(Session) |
SMTP,DNS |
|
传输层(Transport) |
传输层 |
TCP,UDP |
网络层(Network) |
网络层 |
IP,ICMP,ARP,RARP,UUCP |
数据链路层(Data Link) |
数据链路层 |
FDDI,Ethernet,Arpanet,PDN,SLIP,PPP |
物理层(Physical) |
IEEE 802.1A,IEEE 802.2到IEEE 802.11 |
传输层(Transport) |
传输层 |
TCP,UDP |
1.3 IP
Ip地址:inetAddress
- 唯一定位一台网络上计算机
- 0.0.1:本机localhost
- Ip地址的分类
- Ipv4/ipv6
- IPV4 0.0.1 4个字节组成,0-255,42亿;30亿在北美,亚洲4亿,2011年就用尽;
- IPV6 128位,8个无符号整数, abcde
- 2001:0bbc:2dc5:4526:4512:2663:4521:4562
- 公网-私网
- ABCD
- 168.xx.xx 专门给组织内部使用的
- 域名:记忆IP问题
- Ip: baidu.com
- ip类
package com.wzz.A04网络编程;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试IP
public class B01TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");//查询网站ip地址
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
//常用方法
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip
System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名,或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
1.4端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程:
- 不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件!
- 被规定0-65535
- TCP,UDP:65535*2 tcp:80 ,udp:80,单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
- 端口号分类
- 公有端口0~1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
- 程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配用户或程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
- 动态、私有:49152~65535
- 公有端口0~1023
netstat -ano #查看所有的端口 netsta -ano|findstr “5900” #查看指定的端口 tasklist|findstr “8696” #查看指定端口的进程 ctrl+shift+ESC #打开资源管理器快捷键 |
- 端口:
package com.wzz.A04网络编程;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
//测试IP
public class B02TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress socketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress1);
System.out.println(socketAddress2);
System.out.println(socketAddress1.getAddress());
System.out.println(socketAddress1.getHostName());//地址
System.out.println(socketAddress1.getPort());//端口
}
}
1.5通信协议
协议:约定,就好比我们现在说的是普通话
网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制......
问题:非常的复杂?
大事化小:分层
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议:
- TCP:
- IP:网络互连协议
TCP UDP对比
TCP:打电话
- 连接,稳定
- 三次握手,四次挥手
三次握手: A: 你瞅啥? B: 瞅你咋滴? A: 干一场! |
四次挥手: A: 我要走了 B: 你真的要走了吗? B: 你真的真的要走了吗? A:我真的要走了 |
- 传输完成,释放连接,效率低
UDP:发短信
- 不连接,不稳定
- 客户端,服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发给你
- 导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击(饱和攻击)
1.6 TCP
服务器:
- 建立服务的端口 ServerSocket
- 等待用户的连接 accept
- 接收用户的消息
package com.wzz.A04网络编程.B03TestTcp;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class C01TcpServer {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);//1.我得有一个地址
socket = serverSocket.accept();//等待客户端连接过来
is = socket.getInputStream();//读取客户端消息
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (baos!=null){
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is!=null){
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket!=null){
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
客户端:
- 连接服务器 Socket
- 发送消息
package com.wzz.A04网络编程.B03TestTcp;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
//客户端
public class C02TcpClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
//1.要知道服务器的地址
try {
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;//端口号
socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);//2.创建一个Scoket连接
//发送消息
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,欢迎学习狂神说java".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
if (os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null){
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
文件上传
服务器端:
package com.wzz.A04网络编程.B03TestTcp;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class C03TcpServer1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//6.通知客户端我接受完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接受完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
//5.关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
客户端:
package com.wzz.A04网络编程.B03TestTcp;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
public class C04TcpClient1 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2.创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("1.jpg"));
//写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//7.通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了
//6.确定服务器接受完毕,才能够断开连接
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭资源
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
1.7 Tomcat
服务端:
- 自定义 S
- Tomcat服务器 S:java后台开发!
客户端
- 自定义 C
- 浏览器 B
1.8 UDP
发短信:不需要连接,需要知道对方的地址!
发送消息:
package com.wzz.A04网络编程.B04TestUDP;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
//不需要连接服务器
public class C01UdpClient {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg = "你好啊,服务器!";
//2_1.发给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//2_2.数据,数据的长度起始,要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4.关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
接收消息:
package com.wzz.A04网络编程.B04TestUDP;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class C02UdpServer {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//2.接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//3.关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
咨询
循环发送消息:
package com.wzz.A04网络编程.B05UDPChart;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class C01UdpSender01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据,控制台读取 System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true){
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
循环接收消息:
package com.wzz.A04网络编程.B05UDPChart;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class C02UdpReceive01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true){
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
socket.close();
}
}
}
在线咨询:两个人都可以是发送方,也可以是接收方!
发送消息:
package com.wzz.A04网络编程.B06Chart;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class C01TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int formPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public C01TalkSend(int formPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.formPort = formPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(formPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
接收消息:
package com.wzz.A04网络编程.B06Chart;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class C02TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public C02TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (SocketException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, packet.getLength());
System.out.println(msgFrom+":"+receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
学生端:
package com.wzz.A04网络编程.B06Chart;
public class C03TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new C01TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
new Thread(new C02TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
}
}
教师端:
package com.wzz.A04网络编程.B06Chart;
public class C04TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new C01TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
new Thread(new C02TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
}
}
1.9 URL
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS域名解析 www.baidu.com--->ip
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源 |
URL类:
package com.wzz.A04网络编程;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public class B07URL {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("https://www.py.cn/code/31340.html");
System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip
System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口
System.out.println(url.getPath());//全路径
System.out.println(url.getFile());//文件
System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
}
}
资源下载:
package com.wzz.A04网络编程;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
public class B08UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("https://m701.music.126.net/20211020174755/6f13a2547ae41b05a80fb9bba778cc2e/jdyyaac/565b/065f/0358/a1cd0e25a815dffcc0c1422398efde9e.m4a");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("起风了.mv4");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);//写出这个数据
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();//断开连接
}
}