ansible_playbook语法中的循环语句归纳
种类一、标准循环
添加多个用户
- name: add several users
user: name={{ item }} state=present groups=wheel
with_items:
- testuser1
- testuser2添加多个用户，并将用户加入不同的组内。
- name: add several users
user: name={{ item.name }} state=present groups={{ item.groups }}
with_items:
- { name: 'testuser1', groups: 'wheel' }
- { name: 'testuser2', groups: 'root' }种类二、锚点嵌套循环
分别给用户授予3个数据库的所有权限
- name: give users access to multiple databases
mysql_user: name={{ item[0] }} priv={{ item[1] }}.*:ALL append_privs=yes password=foo
with_nested:
- [ 'alice', 'bob' ]
- [ 'clientdb', 'employeedb', 'providerdb' ]种类三、锚点遍历字典
输出用户的姓名和电话
tasks:
- name: Print phone records
debug: msg="User {{ item.key }} is {{ item.value.name }} ({{ item.value.telephone }})"
with_dict: {'alice':{'name':'Alice Appleworth', 'telephone':'123-456-789'},'bob':{'name':'Bob Bananarama', 'telephone':'987-654-3210'} }种类四、锚点并行遍历列表
tasks:
- debug: "msg={{ item.0 }} and {{ item.1 }}"
with_together:
- [ 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd','e' ]
- [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]如果列表数目不匹配，用None补全
种类五、锚点遍历列表和索引
- name: indexed loop demo
debug: "msg='at array position {{ item.0 }} there is a value {{ item.1 }}'"
with_indexed_items: [1,2,3,4]item.0 为索引，item.1为值
种类六、锚点遍历文件列表的内容
---
- hosts: all
tasks:
- debug: "msg={{ item }}"
with_file:
- first_example_file
- second_example_file种类七、锚点遍历目录文件
with_fileglob匹配单个目录中的所有文件，非递归匹配模式。
---
- hosts: all
tasks:
- file: dest=/etc/fooapp state=directory
- copy: src={{ item }} dest=/etc/fooapp/ owner=root mode=600
with_fileglob:
- /playbooks/files/fooapp/*当在role中使用with_fileglob的相对路径时，Ansible解析相对于roles/<rolename>/files目录的路径。
种类八、锚点遍历ini文件
lookup.ini
[section1]
value1=section1/value1
value2=section1/value2
[section2]
value1=section2/value1
value2=section2/value2
- debug: msg="{{ item }}"
with_ini: value[1-2] section=section1 file=lookup.ini re=true获取section1 里的value1和value2的值
种类九、锚点重试循环 until
- action: shell /usr/bin/foo
register: result
until: result.stdout.find("all systems go") != -1
retries: 5
delay: 10"重试次数retries" 的默认值为3，"delay"为5。
锚点查找第一个匹配文件
tasks:
- debug: "msg={{ item }}"
with_first_found:
- "/tmp/a"
- "/tmp/b"
- "/tmp/default.conf"依次寻找列表中的文件，找到就返回。如果列表中的文件都找不到，任务会报错。
种类十、锚点随机选择with_random_choice
随机选择列表中得一个值
- debug: msg={{ item }}
with_random_choice:
- "go through the door"
- "drink from the goblet"
- "press the red button"
- "do nothing"循环程序的结果
tasks:
- debug: "msg={{ item }}"
with_lines: ps aux
种类十一、锚点循环子元素
定义好变量
#varfile
---
users:
- name: alice
authorized:
- /tmp/alice/onekey.pub
- /tmp/alice/twokey.pub
mysql:
password: mysql-password
hosts:
- "%"
- "127.0.0.1"
- "::1"
- "localhost"
privs:
- "*.*:SELECT"
- "DB1.*:ALL"
- name: bob
authorized:
- /tmp/bob/id_rsa.pub
mysql:
password: other-mysql-password
hosts:
- "db1"
privs:
- "*.*:SELECT"
- "DB2.*:ALL"---
- hosts: web
vars_files: varfile
tasks:
- user: name={{ item.name }} state=present generate_ssh_key=yes
with_items: "{{ users }}"
- authorized_key: "user={{ item.0.name }} key='{{ lookup('file', item.1) }}'"
with_subelements:
- "{{ users }}"
- authorized
- name: Setup MySQL users
mysql_user: name={{ item.0.name }} password={{ item.0.mysql.password }} host={{ item.1 }} priv={{ item.0.mysql.privs | join('/') }}
with_subelements:
- "{{ users }}"
- mysql.hosts{{ lookup('file', item.1) }} 是查看item.1文件的内容
with_subelements 遍历哈希列表，然后遍历列表中的给定（嵌套）的键。
种类十二、锚点在序列中循环with_sequence
with_sequence以递增的数字顺序生成项序列。 您可以指定开始，结束和可选步骤值。 参数应在key = value对中指定。 'format'是一个printf风格字符串。
数字值可以以十进制，十六进制（0x3f8）或八进制（0600）指定。 不支持负数。
---
- hosts: all
tasks:
# 创建组
- group: name=evens state=present
- group: name=odds state=present
# 创建格式为testuser%02x 的0-32 序列的用户
- user: name={{ item }} state=present groups=evens
with_sequence: start=0 end=32 format=testuser%02x
# 创建4-16之间得偶数命名的文件
- file: dest=/var/stuff/{{ item }} state=directory
with_sequence: start=4 end=16 stride=2
# 简单实用序列的方法：创建4 个用户组分表是组group1 group2 group3 group4
- group: name=group{{ item }} state=present
with_sequence: count=4种类十三、锚点随机选择with_random_choice
随机选择列表中得一个值
- debug: msg={{ item }}
with_random_choice:
- "go through the door"
- "drink from the goblet"
- "press the red button"
- "do nothing"合并列表
安装所有列表中的软件
- name: flattened loop demo
yum: name={{ item }} state=installed
with_flattened:
- [ 'foo-package', 'bar-package' ]
- [ ['one-package', 'two-package' ]]
- [ ['red-package'], ['blue-package']]注册变量使用循环
- shell: echo "{{ item }}"
with_items:
- one
- two
register: echo
- name: Fail if return code is not 0
fail:
msg: "The command ({{ item.cmd }}) did not have a 0 return code"
when: item.rc != 0
with_items: "{{ echo.results }}"循环主机清单
输出所有主机清单里的主机
- debug: msg={{ item }}
with_items: "{{ groups['all'] }}"输出所有执行的主机
- debug: msg={{ item }}
with_items: play_hosts输出所有主机清单里的主机
- debug: msg={{ item }}
with_inventory_hostnames: all
输出主机清单中不在www中的所有主机
- debug: msg={{ item }}
with_inventory_hostnames: all:!www
改变循环的变量项
# main.yml
- include: inner.yml
with_items:
- 1
- 2
- 3
loop_control:
loop_var: outer_item
# inner.yml
- debug: msg="outer item={{ outer_item }} inner item={{ item }}"
with_items:
- a
- b
- c
作者：Jeson老师
链接：https://www.imooc.com/article/22753
来源：慕课网
