【学习笔记】ServletContext对象

ServletContext对象

ServletContext对象:web容器启动的时候,它会为每个web程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象,它代表了当前的web应用。

ServletContext 有很多功能:

共享数据

共享数据的意思是 在一个Servlet中保存的数据,可以在另一个Servlet中,读取到这个数据

image-20221011202500411

 

举例:

我们创建两个Servlet ,一个用来放数据,一个用来取数据

放数据:

import jakarta.servlet.ServletContext;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
​
import java.io.IOException;
​
public class SetContext extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
​
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        String username = "用户名";
        //将数据保存在ServletContext中,用键值对的方式,前面是键,键是String类型,后面是值,值是Object类型
        context.setAttribute("username",username);
​
​
    }
​
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

取数据:

import jakarta.servlet.ServletContext;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
​
import java.io.IOException;
​
public class GetContext extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置网页字符编码和显示类型
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        //ServletConstext 对象是共享的,只有一个
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        //从ServletContext中读取数据,需要输入键
        String username = (String)context.getAttribute("username");  //返回的是Object类型,需要强转
        resp.getWriter().print("名字为:"+username);
    }
​
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

配置:

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>setContext</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>SetContext</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>setContext</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/set</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
​
<servlet>
    <servlet-name>getContext</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>GetContext</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>getContext</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/get</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

 

必须先访问 localhost:8080/s2/set

然后访问 localhost:8080/s2/get

因为如果不放数据就去取的话,就会返回null

image-20221011212023052

 

 

获取初始化参数

在web.xml中配置初始化参数,使用context-param 标签

<context-param>
    <param-name>url</param-name>
    <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school</param-value>
</context-param>

调用ServletContext对象的getInitParameter方法,传入在配置文件中的参数的name

package com.wang.context;
​
import jakarta.servlet.ServletContext;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
​
import java.io.IOException;
​
public class Context01 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        //传入配置文件中的初始化参数名
        String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
​
        resp.getWriter().print(url);
    }
​
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

image-20221013151333563

 

 

请求转发

  • 我们新建一个Servlet,使它转发到 Context01,打印出初始化参数

  • 首先调用 ServletContext 的 getRequestDispatcher() 方法,参数就是要转发的页面的路径,返回值为RequestDispatcher

  • 然后调用RequestDispatcher 对象的forword()方法,参数为请求参数和响应参数,实现请求转发

package com.wang.context;
​
import jakarta.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletContext;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
​
import java.io.IOException;
​
public class Context02 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
        RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/getParam");  //转发请求路径
        requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp);  //forword 实现请求转发
    }
​
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

注册配置:

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.wang.context.Context02</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/dis</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

访问:

image-20221013152441441

 

我们发现访问的是 /dis,但内容是 /getParam ,这就是请求转发

 

读取资源文件

在resources文件夹下新建一个properties文件

username=zhangsan
password=123456

执行后,在target文件夹中,该项目的文件夹下(servlet-02)的WEB-INF下的classes文件夹中会有该配置文件,classes文件夹称为classpath

image-20221013161510709

 

读取配置文件:

  • 调用 ServletContext对象的getResourceAsStream() 方法,参数为配置文件的路径,返回值是输入流.

  • new 一个 Properties 对象,调用load()方法,参数为输入流。

  • 调用Properties对象的 getProperties() 方法,获得配置文件中的内容,参数为配置文件中的

package com.wang.context;
​
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
​
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.Properties;
​
public class Context03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        
        InputStream is = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties");
        Properties prop = new Properties();
        prop.load(is);
        String username = prop.getProperty("username");
        String password = prop.getProperty("password");
​
        resp.getWriter().print("用户名:"+ username + "\n" + "密码:" + password);
    }
​
    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

image-20221013161116388

 

需要注意的问题:

如果配置文件,没有放在resources 文件夹下,而是放在了java 文件夹下,执行后,有可能读取不到该配置文件,在classes文件夹下,也不会有该配置文件

image-20221013162445488

image-20221013162357678

我们需要在pom.xml 下配置

<build>
<resources>
    <resource>
        <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
        <excludes>
            <exclude>**/*.properties</exclude>
            <exclude>**/*.xml</exclude>
         </excludes>
        <filtering>true</filtering>
    </resource>
    <resource>
        <directory>src/main/java</directory>
        <includes>
            <include>**/*.properties</include>
            <include>**/*.xml</include>
        </includes>
        <filtering>true</filtering>
    </resource>
</resources>
</build>

保证它能够找到 配置文件,运行后,在classes文件下的项目文件中就有该配置文件了

image-20221013165419107

posted @ 2022-10-13 16:55  GrowthRoad  阅读(42)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报