Python可视化训练

（一）、设计实现电子算盘，并完成测试

【题目描述】

给小朋友设计一个电子算盘。要求绘制电子算盘界面，设计并实现打珠算过程（界面参考如下图示）。

界面右侧要求以图形绘制的方式绘制自画像，注意不能是图像文件显示的形式。

复制代码
from tkinter import *

def initWindow():
   rect = canvas.create_rectangle(25, 40, 450, 400, width=3)       # 算盘边框
   x0, y0, x1, y1 = 0, 0, 0, 0
   for i in range(5):          # 生成串算珠的线
       line_shu = canvas.create_line(70 + x0, 40 + y0, 70 + x1, 400 + y1, width=3)
       x0 += 80
       x1 += 80
   line_fenge = canvas.create_line(25, 100, 450, 100, width=3)     # 生成上下珠的分割线
   x0, y0, x1, y1 = 0, 0, 0, 0
   for i in range(5):  # 生成5个上珠
       top_oval[i] = canvas.create_oval(40 + x0, 60 + y0, 100 + x1, 90 + y1, fill='orange', tags=f"top{i}")
       x0 += 80
       x1 += 80
   x0, y0, x1, y1 = 0, 0, 0, 0
   for i in range(4):  # 生成4*5个下珠
       for j in range(5):
           below_oval[i][j] = canvas.create_oval(40 + x0, 160 + y0, 100 + x1, 190 + y1, fill='yellow', tags=f"below{i}{j}")
           chushi[i][j] = canvas.coords(below_oval[i][j])
           x0 += 80
           x1 += 80
       x0 = 0
       x1 = 0
       y0 += 60
       y1 += 60
   print(chushi)
   num = [[0 for i in range(5)] for j in range(4)]  # 五个下珠分别对应的数值
   num2 = [0 for i in range(5)]  # 五个上珠分别对应的数值
   canvas.create_oval(750, 370, 470, 90, fill='yellow')
   canvas.create_oval(500, 170, 560, 200, fill='black')
   canvas.create_oval(650, 170, 710, 200, fill='black')

   canvas.create_arc(500, 200, 700, 300, start=-150, extent=120, style=ARC, width=3)
def get_empty():
   empty = [[0 for j in range(5)] for i in range(4)]
   for i in range(4):
       for j in range(5):
           if canvas.coords(below_oval[i][j]) != chushi[i][j]:
               empty[i][j] = 1
   print(empty)
   return empty

def bind():
   def handler_adaptor(handler, fun, row, col):
       """事件处理函数的适配器，相当于中介，可以帮助tag_bind函数传递参数"""
       return lambda event, handler=handler, fun=fun, col=col, row=row: handler(event=event, fun=fun, row=row, col=col)

   def handler_adaptor2(handler2, fun, row):
       """事件处理函数的适配器，相当于中介，可以帮助tag_bind函数传递参数"""
       return lambda event, handler2=handler2, fun=fun, row=row: handler2(event=event, fun=fun, row=row)

   def handler(event, fun, row, col):
       """下珠上划"""
       content = fun       # 这个就是被点击的算珠id
       empty = get_empty()
       if row == 0:
           if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) - 40 >= 100:
               canvas.move(content, 0, -40)
       else:
           if empty[row - 1][col] == 1:
               if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) - 40 >= 110 + 10 * (row + 1):
                   canvas.move(content, 0, -40)

   def handler2(event, fun, row):
       """上珠上划"""
       content = fun       # 这个就是被点击的算珠id
       if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) - 20 >= 40:
           canvas.move(content, 0, -20)

   def handler3(event, fun, row, col):
       """下珠下划"""
       content = fun       # 这个就是被点击的算珠id
       empty = get_empty()
       if row == 3:
           if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) + 40 <= 350:
               canvas.move(content, 0, 40)
       else:
           if empty[row][col] == 1:
               canvas.move(content, 0, 40)

   def handler4(event, fun, row):
       """上珠下划"""
       content = fun       # 这个就是被点击的算珠id
       if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) + 20 <= 60:
           canvas.move(content, 0, 20)

   for i in range(5):
       canvas.tag_bind(top_oval[i], "<Button-1>", handler_adaptor2(handler2, fun=top_oval[i], row=i))
       canvas.tag_bind(top_oval[i], "<Button-3>", handler_adaptor2(handler4, fun=top_oval[i], row=i))
   for i in range(4):
       for j in range(5):
           canvas.tag_bind(below_oval[i][j], "<Button-1>", handler_adaptor(handler, fun=below_oval[i][j], row=i, col=j))
           canvas.tag_bind(below_oval[i][j], "<Button-3>", handler_adaptor(handler3, fun=below_oval[i][j], row=i, col=j))

if __name__ == "__main__":
   window = Tk()
   window.title("电子算盘")
   window.geometry("800x500")
   canvas = Canvas(window, width="800", height="500", bg="white")
   canvas.pack()
   top_oval = [int for i in range(5)]  # 定义列表存储5个上珠
   below_oval = [[int for i in range(5)] for i in range(4)]  # 定义列表存储4*5个下珠
   chushi = [[0 for j in range(5)] for i in range(4)]  # 所有下珠的初始坐标
   initWindow()
   bind()
   window.mainloop()
复制代码

（二）、以（一）中的电子算盘为基础，设计并实现珠算测试器，并完成测试。

【题目描述】

给小朋友设计一个珠算测试器，要求能够完成珠算加减法的测试。具体的要求功能如下：

(1) 用户启动测试，输入用户名后系统随机生成特定数目的加减法测试题；

(2) 要求测试使用表盘式或数字时秒表进行界面计时显示（参考如上图示）；

(3) 对于每道测试题目，要求用户使用电子算盘完成珠算过程，当按下确认键时，将珠算结果与正确答案比对，并在界面上显示总题数、已答题数和已做对题数；

(4) 当测试完成，界面显示本次测试情况（包括用户名、测试题目及答题明细、对错情况、测试用时和测试成绩）

 

复制代码
from tkinter import *
import tkinter.messagebox as msg
from random import randint

def initWindow():
   rect = canvas.create_rectangle(25, 40, 450, 400, width=3)       # 算盘边框
   x0, y0, x1, y1 = 0, 0, 0, 0
   for i in range(5):          # 生成串算珠的线
       line_shu = canvas.create_line(70 + x0, 40 + y0, 70 + x1, 400 + y1, width=3)
       x0 += 80
       x1 += 80
   line_fenge = canvas.create_line(25, 100, 450, 100, width=3)     # 生成上下珠的分割线
   x0, y0, x1, y1 = 0, 0, 0, 0
   for i in range(5):  # 生成5个上珠
       top_oval[i] = canvas.create_oval(40 + x0, 60 + y0, 100 + x1, 90 + y1, fill='orange', tags=f"top{i}")
       x0 += 80
       x1 += 80
   x0, y0, x1, y1 = 0, 0, 0, 0
   for i in range(4):  # 生成4*5个下珠
       for j in range(5):
           below_oval[i][j] = canvas.create_oval(40 + x0, 160 + y0, 100 + x1, 190 + y1, fill='yellow', tags=f"below{i}{j}")
           chushi[i][j] = canvas.coords(below_oval[i][j])
           x0 += 80
           x1 += 80
       x0 = 0
       x1 = 0
       y0 += 60
       y1 += 60
   global start_button, label_sum, username, entry_username, username_text, window_showusername
   global label_time, window_time, window_question
   global var_username, var_question, var_msg, window_answer, window_msg
   sum = Label(window, width=20, height=2, bg="grey", textvariable=var, font=('Arial', 14))
   label_sum = canvas.create_window(750, 80, window=sum, anchor=NE)
   canvas.itemconfigure(label_sum, state="hidden")

   button = Button(window, width=30, height=4, bg="grey", text="开始测试吧!", command=adjust)
   start_button = canvas.create_window(750, 300, window=button, anchor=NE)

   text = Label(window, text="用户名:", width=10, height=2, bg="white")
   username_text = canvas.create_window(500, 200, window=text, anchor=CENTER)

   username = Entry(window, font=('Arial', 14))
   entry_username = canvas.create_window(640, 200, window=username, anchor=CENTER)

   label_showusername = Label(window, textvariable=var_username, width=15, height=2, bg="grey", font=('Arial', 14))
   window_showusername = canvas.create_window(770, 0, window=label_showusername, anchor=NE)
   canvas.itemconfigure(window_showusername, state="hidden")

   label_time = Label(window, width=10, height=2, bg="grey", font=('Arial', 14))
   window_time = canvas.create_window(600, 0, window=label_time, anchor=NE)
   canvas.itemconfigure(window_time, state="hidden")

   label_question = Label(window, width=30, height=2, bg="grey", font=('Arial', 14), textvariable=var_question)
   window_question = canvas.create_window(630, 180, window=label_question, anchor=CENTER)
   canvas.itemconfigure(window_question, state="hidden")

   answer_button = Button(window, width=10, height=2, bg="grey", text="提交答案", command=judge, font=('Arial', 14))
   window_answer = canvas.create_window(630, 400, window=answer_button, anchor=CENTER)
   canvas.itemconfigure(window_answer, state="hidden")

   msg_label = Label(window, width=30, height=6, bg="grey", font=('Arial', 14), textvariable=var_msg)
   window_msg = canvas.create_window(630, 260, window=msg_label, anchor=CENTER)
   canvas.itemconfigure(window_msg, state="hidden")

def run_time(target):
   def counting():
       global time
       time += 1
       global li
       print(li)
       if li != 5:
           target.config(text=f"所用时间:{str(time)}s")
       else:
           target.config(text="游戏结束")
       target.after(1000, counting)  # 间隔1000毫秒再次执行counting函数
   counting()

def adjust():
   global ques, li, true, false, all_username
   myusername = username.get()
   all_username = myusername
   if myusername != "":
       """对画布中的部件进行一些调整"""
       for i in range(5):
           ques[i] = get_question()
       canvas.itemconfigure(label_sum, state="normal")
       canvas.itemconfigure(window_showusername, state="normal")
       canvas.itemconfigure(window_time, state="normal")
       canvas.itemconfigure(window_question, state="normal")
       canvas.itemconfigure(window_answer, state="normal")
       canvas.itemconfigure(window_msg, state="normal")
       var_question.set(f"问题:{ques[0][0]}")
       run_time(label_time)
       var_username.set(f"用户名:{myusername}")
       sum = get_sum()
       var.set(f"当前数值:{sum}")
       var_msg.set(f"总题数:5\n已经做了0题\n已做对0题\n已做错0题")
       canvas.itemconfigure(start_button, state="hidden")
       canvas.itemconfigure(entry_username, state="hidden")
       canvas.itemconfigure(username_text, state="hidden")
   else:
       msg.showinfo("错误", "用户名不能为空白")
def judge():
   def next():
       var_question.set(f"问题:{ques[li][0]}")
   global li, false, true
   sum = get_sum()
   myanw[li][0] = ques[li][0]
   myanw[li][1] = sum
   if sum == int(ques[li][1]):
       true += 1
       msg.showinfo("答案正确", f"恭喜你做对了")
   else:
       false += 1
       msg.showinfo("答案错误", f"做错了！正确答案是{ques[li][1]}")
   li += 1
   var_msg.set(f"总题数:5\n已经做了{li}题\n已做对{true}题\n已做错{false}题")
   if li != 5:
       next()
   else:
       msg.showinfo("游戏结束", f"以下是你的战绩\n总题数:5\n总用时:{time}s\n总成绩:{true * 20}分\n做对了{true}题\n做错了{false}题")
       msg.showinfo("游戏结束", f"{all_username},你好\n以下是你的答题明细\n总题数:5\n1.{myanw[0][0]}={myanw[0][1]}\n"
                                f"2.{myanw[1][0]}={myanw[1][1]}\n3.{myanw[2][0]}={myanw[2][1]}\n"
                                f"4.{myanw[3][0]}={myanw[3][1]}\n5.{myanw[4][0]}={myanw[4][1]}\n")
       exit()

def get_question():
   answer, num1, num2 = 0, 0, 0
   operator = ""
   temp = randint(1, 2)
   if temp == 1:
       while 1:
           num1 = randint(0, 99999)
           num2 = randint(0, 99999)
           if num1 + num2 <= 99999:
               break
       answer = num1 + num2
       operator = "+"
   elif temp == 2:
       while 1:
           num1 = randint(0, 99999)
           num2 = randint(0, 99999)
           if num1 - num2 > 0:
               break
       answer = num1 - num2
       operator = "-"
   equation = str(num1) + operator + str(num2)
   return equation, answer
def get_sum():
   sum = 0
   temp = 5
   for i in range(5):
       temp -= 1
       if num2[i] == 1:
           sum += 10 ** temp * 5
   temp = 5
   for j in range(5):
       temp -= 1
       for i in range(4):
           if num[i][j] == 1:
                sum += 10 ** temp
   return sum

def bind():
   def handler_adaptor(handler, fun, row, col):
       """事件处理函数的适配器，相当于中介，可以帮助tag_bind函数传递参数"""
       return lambda event, handler=handler, fun=fun, col=col, row=row: handler(event=event, fun=fun, row=row, col=col)

   def handler_adaptor2(handler2, fun, row):
       """事件处理函数的适配器，相当于中介，可以帮助tag_bind函数传递参数"""
       return lambda event, handler2=handler2, fun=fun, row=row: handler2(event=event, fun=fun, row=row)

   def handler(event, fun, row, col):
       """下珠上划"""
       content = fun       # 这个就是被点击的算珠id
       if row == 0:
           if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) - 40 >= 100 and num[row][col] == 0:
               canvas.move(content, 0, -40)
               num[row][col] = 1
       else:
           if num[row - 1][col] == 1:
               if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) - 40 >= 110 + 10 * (row + 1) and num[row][col] == 0:
                   canvas.move(content, 0, -40)
                   num[row][col] = 1
       sum = get_sum()
       var.set(f"当前数值:{sum}")

   def handler2(event, fun, row):
       """上珠上划"""
       content = fun       # 这个就是被点击的算珠id
       if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) - 20 >= 40:
           canvas.move(content, 0, -20)
           num2[row] = 1
       sum = get_sum()
       var.set(f"当前数值:{sum}")

   def handler3(event, fun, row, col):
       """下珠下划"""
       content = fun       # 这个就是被点击的算珠id
       if row == 3:
           if num[row][col] == 1:
               canvas.move(content, 0, 40)
               num[row][col] = 0
       else:
           if num[row + 1][col] == 0 and num[row][col] == 1:
               canvas.move(content, 0, 40)
               num[row][col] = 0
       sum = get_sum()
       var.set(f"当前数值:{sum}")

   def handler4(event, fun, row):
       """上珠下划"""
       content = fun       # 这个就是被点击的算珠id
       if float(canvas.coords(content)[1]) + 20 <= 60:
           canvas.move(content, 0, 20)
           num2[row] = 0
       sum = get_sum()
       var.set(f"当前数值:{sum}")

   for i in range(5):
       canvas.tag_bind(top_oval[i], "<Button-1>", handler_adaptor2(handler2, fun=top_oval[i], row=i))
       canvas.tag_bind(top_oval[i], "<Button-3>", handler_adaptor2(handler4, fun=top_oval[i], row=i))
   for i in range(4):
       for j in range(5):
           canvas.tag_bind(below_oval[i][j], "<Button-1>", handler_adaptor(handler, fun=below_oval[i][j], row=i, col=j))
           canvas.tag_bind(below_oval[i][j], "<Button-3>", handler_adaptor(handler3, fun=below_oval[i][j], row=i, col=j))

if __name__ == "__main__":
   window = Tk()
   window.title("电子算盘")
   window.geometry("800x500")
   canvas = Canvas(window, width="800", height="500", bg="white")
   canvas.pack()
   ques = [0 for i in range(5)]
   myanw = [[0, 0]for i in range(5)]
   li = 0
   time, true, false = 0, 0, 0
   start_button, label_sum, username, entry_username = 0, 0, 0, 0
   username_text, window_showusername, window_time = 0, 0, 0
   label_time, window_question, window_answer = 0, 0, 0
   all_username = ""
   window_msg = 0
   var = StringVar()
   var_username = StringVar()
   var_question = StringVar()
   var_msg = StringVar()
   top_oval = [int for i in range(5)]  # 定义列表存储5个上珠
   below_oval = [[int for i in range(5)] for i in range(4)]  # 定义列表存储4*5个下珠
   chushi = [[0 for j in range(5)] for i in range(4)]  # 所有下珠的初始坐标
   num = [[0 for i in range(5)] for j in range(4)]  # 4*5个下珠分别是否被拨动
   num2 = [0 for i in range(5)]  # 五个上珠分别是否被拨动
   initWindow()
   bind()
   window.mainloop()
复制代码

 

posted @   努力学习2333  阅读(156)  评论(0)  编辑  收藏  举报
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