JS 中的类总结
① 什么是类,描述了一种代码的组织结构,一种在软件中对真实世界中问题领域的建模方法
②
// 非常简单的 mixin() 例子 function mixin(sourceObj, targetObj) { for (var key in sourceObj) { // 只会在不存在的情况下复制 if (!(key in targetObj)) { targetObj[key] = sourceObj[key] } } return targetObj; } var Vehicle = { engines: 1, ignition: function() { console.log('Turning on my engine.'); }, drive: function() { this.ignition(); console.log('Steering and moving forward!'); } } var Car = mixin(Vehicle, { wheel: 4, drive: function(){ Vehicle.drive.call(this); console.log('Rolling on all ' + this.wheel + ' wheels!'); } })
③
// 另一种混入函数,可能有重写风险 function mixin(sourceObj, targetObj) { for (var key in sourceObj) { targetObj[key] = sourceObj[key]; } return targetObj; } var Vehicle = { // ... } // 首先创建一个空对象并把 Vehicle 对内容复制进去 var Car = mixin( Vehicle, {} );
// 然后把新内容复制到 Car 中 mixin({ wheels: 4, drive: function() { // ... } }, Car)
④
// 传统的 JS 类,Vehicle function Vehicle() { this.engines = 1; } Vehicle.prototype.ignition = function () { console.log('Turning on my engine.'); } Vehicle.prototype.drive = function () { this.ignition(); console.log('Steering and moving forward!'); } // 寄生类 Car function Car() { // 首先, Car 是一个 Vehicle var car = new Vehicle(); // 接着我们对 Car 进行定制 car.wheels = 4; // 保存到 Vehicle::drive() 的特殊引用 var vehDrive = car.drive; // 重写 Vehicle::drive() car.drive = function() { vehDrive.call(this); console.log('Rolling on all ' + this.wheels + ' wheels!'); } return car; } var myCar = new Car() myCar.drive();
⑤
var Something = { cool: function () { this.greeting = 'Hello World'; this.count = this.count ? this.count + 1 : 1; } } Something.cool(); Something.greeting; // 'Hello World' Something.count; // 1 var Another = { cool: function() { // 隐式把 Something 混入 Another Something.cool.call(this); } }; Another.cool(); Another.greeting; // 'Hello World' Another.count; // 1