条件阻塞Condition的应用
1.认识condition
Condition是在java 1.5中才出现的,它用来替代传统的Object的wait()、notify()实现线程间的协作,相比使用Object的wait()、notify(),使用Condition的await()、signal()这种方式实现线程间协作更加安全和高效。因此通常来说比较推荐使用Condition。
Condition类能实现synchronized和wait、notify搭配的功能,另外比后者更灵活,Condition可以实现多路通知功能,也就是在一个Lock对象里可以创建多个Condition(即对象监视器)实例,线程对象可以注册在指定的Condition中,从而可以有选择的进行线程通知,在调度线程上更加灵活。而synchronized就相当于整个Lock对象中只有一个单一的Condition对象,所有的线程都注册在这个对象上。线程开始notifyAll时,需要通知所有的WAITING线程,没有选择权,会有相当大的效率问题。
1、Condition是个接口,基本的方法就是await()和signal()方法。
2、Condition依赖于Lock接口,生成一个Condition的基本代码是lock.newCondition(),参考下图。
3、调用Condition的await()和signal()方法,都必须在lock保护之内,就是说必须在lock.lock()和lock.unlock之间才可以使用。
4、Conditon中的await()对应Object的wait(),Condition中的signal()对应Object的notify(),Condition中的signalAll()对应Object的notifyAll()。
2.有两个线程,子线程先打印2次,然后主线程打印4次,然后再切换到子线程打印2次,再主线程执行4次……如此往返执行50次。
package com.company; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; /** * @author wuzhijun <wuzhijun@kuaishou.com> * Created on 2022-01-18 */ public class LockConditionTest { private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); private Condition condition = lock.newCondition(); private boolean shouldSub = true; public static void main(String[] args) { LockConditionTest object = new LockConditionTest(); new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { object.executeSub(); } }).start(); for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { object.executeMain(); } CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1); try { countDownLatch.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } private void executeMain() { lock.lock(); try { while (shouldSub) { try { condition.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { System.out.println("main run"); } shouldSub = true; condition.signal(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } private void executeSub() { lock.lock(); try { while (!shouldSub) { try { condition.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) { System.out.println("sub run"); } shouldSub = false; condition.signal(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } }
3 缓冲区的阻塞队列
缓冲区即一个数组,我们可以向数组中写入数据,也可以从数组中把数据取走,我要做的两件事就是开启两个线程,一个存数据,一个取数据。但是问题来了,如果缓冲区满了,说明接收的消息太多了,即发送过来的消息太快了,我另一个线程还来不及发完,导致现在缓冲区没地方放了,那么此时就得阻塞存数据这个线程,让其等待;相反,如果我转发的太快,现在缓冲区所有内容都被我发完了,还没有用户发新的消息来,那么此时就得阻塞取数据这个线程。
class Buffer { final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); //定义一个锁 final Condition notFull = lock.newCondition(); //定义阻塞队列满了的Condition final Condition notEmpty = lock.newCondition();//定义阻塞队列空了的Condition final Object[] items = new Object[10]; //为了下面模拟,设置阻塞队列的大小为10,不要设太大 int putptr, takeptr, count; //数组下标,用来标定位置的 //往队列中存数据 public void put(Object x) throws InterruptedException { lock.lock(); //上锁 try { while (count == items.length) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 被阻塞了,暂时无法存数据!"); notFull.await(); //如果队列满了,那么阻塞存数据这个线程,等待被唤醒 } //如果没满,按顺序往数组中存 items[putptr] = x; if (++putptr == items.length) //这是到达数组末端的判断,如果到了,再回到始端 putptr = 0; ++count; //消息数量 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 存好了值: " + x); notEmpty.signal(); //好了,现在队列中有数据了,唤醒队列空的那个线程,可以取数据啦 } finally { lock.unlock(); //放锁 } } //从队列中取数据 public Object take() throws InterruptedException { lock.lock(); //上锁 try { while (count == 0) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 被阻塞了,暂时无法取数据!"); notEmpty.await(); //如果队列是空,那么阻塞取数据这个线程,等待被唤醒 } //如果没空,按顺序从数组中取 Object x = items[takeptr]; if (++takeptr == items.length) //判断是否到达末端,如果到了,再回到始端 takeptr = 0; --count; //消息数量 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 取出了值: " + x); notFull.signal(); //好了,现在队列中有位置了,唤醒队列满的那个线程,可以存数据啦 return x; } finally { lock.unlock(); //放锁 } } }
这个程序很经典,我从官方JDK文档中拿出来的,然后加了注释。程序中定义了两个Condition,分别针对两个线程,等待和唤醒分别用不同的Condition来执行,思路很清晰,程序也很健壮。可以考虑一个问题,为啥要用两个Codition呢?之所以这么设计肯定是有原因的,如果用一个Condition,现在假设队列满了,但是有2个线程A和B同时存数据,那么都进入了睡眠,好,现在另一个线程取走一个了,然后唤醒了其中一个线程A,那么A可以存了,存完后,A又唤醒一个线程,如果B被唤醒了,那就出问题了,因为此时队列是满的,B不能存的,B存的话就会覆盖原来还没被取走的值,就因为使用了一个Condition,存和取都用这个Condition来睡眠和唤醒,就乱了套。到这里,就能体会到这个Condition的用武之地了,现在来测试一下上面的阻塞队列的效果:
4 两个以上线程之间的唤醒
还是原来那个题目,现在让三个线程来执行,看一下题目:
有三个线程,子线程1先执行10次,然后子线程2执行10次,然后主线程执行5次,然后再切换到子线程1执行10次,子线程2执行10次,主线程执行5次……如此往返执行50次。
如过不用Condition,还真不好弄,但是用Condition来做的话,就非常方便了,原理很简单,定义三个Condition,子线程1执行完唤醒子线程2,子线程2执行完唤醒主线程,主线程执行完唤醒子线程1。唤醒机制和上面那个缓冲区道理差不多,下面看看代码吧,很容易理解。
public class ThreeConditionCommunication { public static void main(String[] args) { Business bussiness = new Business(); new Thread(new Runnable() {// 开启一个子线程 @Override public void run() { for (int i = 1; i <= 50; i++) { bussiness.sub1(i); } } }).start(); new Thread(new Runnable() {// 开启另一个子线程 @Override public void run() { for (int i = 1; i <= 50; i++) { bussiness.sub2(i); } } }).start(); // main方法主线程 for (int i = 1; i <= 50; i++) { bussiness.main(i); } } static class Business { Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition(); //Condition是在具体的lock之上的 Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition(); Condition conditionMain = lock.newCondition(); private int bShouldSub = 0; public void sub1(int i) { lock.lock(); try { while (bShouldSub != 0) { try { condition1.await(); //用condition来调用await方法 } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } for (int j = 1; j <= 10; j++) { System.out.println("sub1 thread sequence of " + j + ", loop of " + i); } bShouldSub = 1; condition2.signal(); //让线程2执行 } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public void sub2(int i) { lock.lock(); try { while (bShouldSub != 1) { try { condition2.await(); //用condition来调用await方法 } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } for (int j = 1; j <= 10; j++) { System.out.println("sub2 thread sequence of " + j + ", loop of " + i); } bShouldSub = 2; conditionMain.signal(); //让主线程执行 } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public void main(int i) { lock.lock(); try { while (bShouldSub != 2) { try { conditionMain.await(); //用condition来调用await方法 } catch (Exception e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } for (int j = 1; j <= 5; j++) { System.out.println("main thread sequence of " + j + ", loop of " + i); } bShouldSub = 0; condition1.signal(); //让线程1执行 } finally { lock.unlock(); } } } }
5. 三个线程按照顺序依次执行
package com.demo.test; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; public class ConditionService { // 通过nextThread控制下一个执行的线程 private static int nextThread = 1; private ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock(); // 有三个线程,所以注册三个Condition Condition conditionA = lock.newCondition(); Condition conditionB = lock.newCondition(); Condition conditionC = lock.newCondition(); public void excuteA() { try { lock.lock(); while (nextThread != 1) { conditionA.await(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 工作"); nextThread = 2; conditionB.signalAll(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public void excuteB() { try { lock.lock(); while (nextThread != 2) { conditionB.await(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 工作"); nextThread = 3; conditionC.signalAll(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public void excuteC() { try { lock.lock(); while (nextThread != 3) { conditionC.await(); } System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 工作"); nextThread = 1; conditionA.signalAll(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } }
6.最后再加个syncthrozied的使用
5个卖家 10个卖家 最大库存为10 卖够200个商品就结束
package com.company; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch; import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger; public class LockTest { private Object lockObject = new Object(); private List<Integer> goods = new ArrayList<>(); private AtomicInteger skuId = new AtomicInteger(0); private int maxLength = 10; private static CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1); private void sell(String sellId) throws InterruptedException { while (true) { synchronized (lockObject) { while (goods.size() == maxLength) { lockObject.wait(); } int curSkuId = skuId.incrementAndGet(); if (skuId.get() >= 200) { System.out.println("全部200个商品销售完了"); countDownLatch.countDown(); return; } goods.add(curSkuId); System.out.println(sellId + curSkuId); lockObject.notify(); } } } private void buy(String buyerId) throws InterruptedException { while (true) { synchronized (lockObject) { while (goods.isEmpty()) { lockObject.wait(); } Integer sku = goods.get(0); System.out.println(buyerId + sku); goods.remove(0); } } } public static void main(String[] args) { LockTest object = new LockTest(); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { int finalI = i; new Thread(() -> { try { object.sell("seller" + finalI + "销售商品"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }).start(); } for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { int finalI = i; new Thread(() -> { try { object.buy("buyer" + finalI + "购买商品"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }).start(); } try { countDownLatch.await(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("主线程退出"); } }