Entity Framework入门教程(9)---离线场景附加实体图集到上下文

附加离线实体图集到上下文

这节主要内容是通过不同的方法将离线实体附加到上下文中。

在离线场景中,保存一个实体要略微困难一些。当我们保存一个离线的实体图集或一个单独的离线实体时,我们需要做两件事。首先,我们要把实体附加到新的上下文中,让上下文了知道存在这些实体。其次,我们需要手动设置每个实体的EntityState,因为新的上下文不知道这些离线实体都经过了些什么操作,所以新的上下文不能自动地给实体添加EntityState。

下图说明了此过程。

为了将离线实体附加到上下文,并为实体图中的每个实体设置EntityState,EF提供下边几种方法:

1.DbContext.Entry(entity).State=EntityState.Added/Modified/Deleted

DbContext.Entry()方法返回一个指向特定实体的DbEntityEntry对象,这个DbEntityEntry对象提供有关实体实例的各种信息,我们也可以使用DbEntityEntry对象来操作实体。最重要的是,我们可以通过DbEntityEntry对象的state属性来指定实体的EntityState如下所示:
 context.Entry(entity).state = EntityState.Added/Modified/Deleted 
一个栗子:

var student = new Student() { //Root entity (无主键值)
    StudentName = "Bill",
    StandardId = 1,
    Standard = new Standard() //Child entity (有主键值)
        {
        StandardId = 1,
        StandardName = "Grade 1"
      },
 Courses = new List<Course>() {
  new Course(){ CourseName = "Machine Language" }, //Child entity (无主键值)
  new Course(){ CourseId = 2 } //Child entity (有主键值)
  }
 };

using (var context = new SchoolDBEntities())
{
  context.Entry(student).State = EntityState.Added;
  
    //context.ChangeTracker.Entities返回context追踪的所有EntityEntry实例
  foreach (var entity in context.ChangeTracker.Entries()){
    Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", entity.Entity.GetType().Name, entity.State);
  } 
}

//-----输出:
Student: Added 
Standard: Added
Course: Added
Course: Added    

在上边的栗子中,Student实体图集包含了Standard和Course实体, context.Entry(student).State = EntityState.Added;  将父实体和子实体(无论有没有主键值)的EntityState都设置成Added,所以我们要谨慎使用Entry()方法。
下表说明Entry()方法的规则

父实体子实体
Added Added
Modified Unchanged
Deleted All child entities will be null

2.DbSet.Add()

DbSet.Add()方法将整个实体图集附加到上下文中,同时把父实体和子实体的状态都设置成Added
一个栗子:

//离线实体图集
Student disconnectedStudent = new Student() { StudentName = "New Student" };
disconnectedStudent.StudentAddress = new StudentAddress() { Address1 = "Address", City = "City1" };

using (var context = new SchoolDBEntities())
{
    context.Students.Add(disconnectedStudent);

    // 获取EntityEntry实例用于查看实体的状态
    var studentEntry = context.Entry(disconnectedStudent);
    var addressEntry = context.Entry(disconnectedStudent.StudentAddress);

    Console.WriteLine("Student: {0}", studentEntry.State);
    Console.WriteLine("StudentAddress: {0}", addressEntry.State);
}
//输出
Student: Added 
StudentAddress: Added

Dbset.Add()方法附加整个实体图集到上下文中,所有实体的状态都是Added,执行SaveChange()方法时会执行Insert操作,在数据库添加新记录

3.DbSet.Attach()

DbSet.Attach()方法将实体图集附加到一个新的上下文中,每个实体的状态都是Unchanged.
一个栗子:

//离线实体图集
Student disconnectedStudent = new Student() { StudentName = "New Student" };
disconnectedStudent.StudentAddress = new StudentAddress() { Address1 = "Address", City = "City1" };

using (var context = new SchoolDBEntities())
{
    context.Students.Attach(disconnectedStudent);

    // 获取EntityEntry实例用于查看实体的状态
    var studentEntry = context.Entry(disconnectedStudent);
    var addressEntry = context.Entry(disconnectedStudent.StudentAddress);

    Console.WriteLine("Student: {0}",studentEntry.State);
    Console.WriteLine("StudentAddress: {0}",addressEntry.State);
}
//----输出
Student: Unchanged 
StudentAddress: Unchanged

 

EF系列目录链接:Entity Franmework系列教程汇总

posted @ 2018-09-12 16:04  捞月亮的猴子  阅读(4334)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报