mysql 用init-connect+binlog实现用户操作追踪做access的ip的log记录
在MYSQL中，每个连接都会先执行init-connect，进行连接的初始化。我们可以在这里获取用户的登录名称和thread的ID值。然后配合binlog，就可以追踪到每个操作语句的操作时间，操作人等。实现审计。
实验过程：
1：创建登录日志库，登录日志表
CREATE DATABASE `accesslog`;
USE `accesslog`;
CREATE TABLE `accesslog`
(
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`thread_id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, #线程ID，这个值很重要
`log_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, #登录时间
`localname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL, #登录名称带IP
`matchname` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL, #登录用户，user的全称
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
2：在配置文件中配置init-connect参数。登录时插入日志表。如果这个参数是个错误的SQL语句，登录就会失败。
Linux 下的配置文件为 my.cnf,windows下为my.ini
init-connect='insert into accesslog.accesslog values(null,connection_id(),now(),user(),current_user());'
log-bin
重启service mysqld 以使其配置文件生效
3：创建普通用户，不能有super权限。init-connect对具有super权限的用户不起作用。同时此用户必须要有INSERT权限，如果没有，登录后的任何操作都会导致MYSQL登录失败。
grant insert,select,update on *.* to 'user1'@'localhost'; #带INSERT权限
grant select,update on *.* to 'user2'@'localhost'; #不带INSERT权限
4：SESSION1登录，并查看日志
D:\mysql6\bin>mysql -uuser1 -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 65
Server version: 5.1.45-community-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select * FROM accesslog.accesslog;
+----+-----------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| id | thread_id | log_time | localname | matchname |
+----+-----------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| 1 | 65 | 2011-03-11 19:18:25 | user1@localhost | user1@localhost |
+----+-----------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show processlist;# 当前运行的threadId
+----+-------+----------------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+-------+----------------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| 65 | user1 | localhost:1339 | NULL | Query | 0 | NULL | show processlist |
+----+-------+----------------+------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
5：再用user2登录
D:\mysql6\bin>mysql -uuser2 -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 76
Server version: 5.1.45-community-log
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> select * FROM accesslog.accesslog;
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id: 77
Current database: *** NONE ***
ERROR 2013 (HY000): Lost connection to MySQL server during query
mysql> select * FROM accesslog.accesslog;
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id: 78
Current database: *** NONE ***
看下错误日志
如果没有对log-bin指定log文件，默认在 /var/lib/mysql目录下以mysqld-bin.00000X等作为名称。而 mysqld-bin.index则记录了所有的log的文件名称
使用时则使用mysqlbinlog /var/lib/mysql|grep "*****"等来追踪database的操作。
110311 19:23:47 [Warning] Aborted connection 77 to db: 'unconnected' user: 'user2' host: 'localhost' (init_connect command failed)
110311 19:23:47 [Warning] INSERT command denied to user 'user2'@'localhost' for table 'accesslog'
110311 19:23:53 [Warning] Aborted connection 78 to db: 'unconnected' user: 'user2' host: 'localhost' (init_connect command failed)
110311 19:23:53 [Warning] INSERT command denied to user 'user2'@'localhost' for table 'accesslog'
6：下面以USER1登录，并做一个INSERT操作，查看日志文件。
mysql> insert into t3 values(10,10,'2011-10-10 00:00:00');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show processlist;
+----+-------+----------------+-----------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host | db | Command | Time | State | Info |
+----+-------+----------------+-----------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
| 69 | user1 | localhost:1439 | accesslog | Query | 0 | NULL | show processlist |
+----+-------+----------------+-----------+---------+------+-------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from accesslog.accesslog;
+----+-----------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| id | thread_id | log_time | localname | matchname |
+----+-----------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| 1 | 65 | 2011-03-11 19:18:25 | user1@localhost | user1@localhost |
| 2 | 91 | 2011-03-11 19:28:33 | user1@localhost | user1@localhost |
| 3 | 2 | 2011-03-11 19:31:49 | user1@localhost | user1@localhost |
| 4 | 2 | 2000-10-10 10:10:10 | user1@localhost | user1@localhost |
| 5 | 21 | 2000-10-10 11:11:11 | root@localhost | root@% |
| 6 | 69 | 2011-03-12 21:35:43 | user1@localhost | user1@localhost |
+----+-----------+---------------------+-----------------+-----------------+
6 rows in set (0.01 sec)
查看日志文件的内容
# at 340
#110312 21:36:01 server id 1 end_log_pos 453 Query thread_id=69 exec_time=0 error_code=0
use text;
SET TIMESTAMP=1299936961;
insert into t3 values(10,10,'2011-10-10 00:00:00')
;
# at 453
thread_id=69
在日志表里记录的和日志文件里面记录的相同。可以通过这个thread_id来追踪到是谁，什么时间，做了什么操作。
注：
1.mysql在linux下可以安装audit_log.so插件来实现审计，在windows下不可以，所以用此方法代替。
2.此方法只适用于binlog存在的条件下，如果系统默认保留14天binlog日志则14天以前的用户信息无法查询。
3.对于用户赋权时不是on *.*的用户需要加grant insert on accesslog.accesslog to user@host。
4.当mysql重启后accesslog表中thread_id可能会有重复情况，此时需要结合log_time判断具体登录用户信息。
5.注释为本人自己总结，如有不对欢迎指出。
