【EF6学习笔记】(三)排序、过滤查询及分页
本篇原文地址:Sorting, Filtering, and Paging
说明:学习笔记参考原文中的流程,为了增加实际操作性,并能够深入理解,部分地方根据实际情况做了一些调整;并且根据自己的理解做了一些扩展。
本人的学习环境: VS2017 + EF 6.1.3 + .NET 4.6.1
上一篇完成基本的CRUD操作;本篇学习如何进行排序显示、过滤查询及分页显示;
Step1 排序显示,主要是对Student列表页面进行点击表列头进行该列排序;点击一次从正序变为反序,再点击一次从反序变为正序;
Student 控制器 Index Action 代码改为: (目前先只考虑了LastName和EnrollmentDate的排序 )
public ActionResult Index(string sortOrder) {
//如果sortOrder为空,则把name_desc值传到view保存,下一次点击列头进行请求的时候,就会带回这个值,表示下一次用 Desc 倒序方式;
ViewBag.NameSortParm = String.IsNullOrEmpty(sortOrder) ? "name_desc" : "";
//同理如果sortOrder为Date,则把date_desc值传到view保存,下一次点击列头进行请求时,带回这个值,表示下一次用 Date 倒序方式; ViewBag.DateSortParm = sortOrder == "Date" ? "date_desc" : "Date"; var students = from s in db.Students select s; switch (sortOrder) { case "name_desc": students = students.OrderByDescending(s => s.LastName); break; case "Date": students = students.OrderBy(s => s.EnrollmentDate); break; case "date_desc": students = students.OrderByDescending(s => s.EnrollmentDate); break; default: students = students.OrderBy(s => s.LastName); break; } return View(students.ToList()); }
对于View 的列头部分,修改为以下代码:
<tr> <th> @Html.ActionLink("Last Name", "Index", new { sortOrder = ViewBag.NameSortParm }) </th> <th>First Name </th> <th> @Html.ActionLink("Enrollment Date", "Index", new { sortOrder = ViewBag.DateSortParm }) </th> <th></th> </tr>
排序操作主要是巧妙的利用ViewBag里设置一个Sort值来进行来回请求的时候进行开关切换,传进来是正序的ViewBag参数,则返回View的时候,把ViewBag参数改为倒序,这样下次请求的时候,参数就是倒序的ViewBag参数,再在返回View的时候,把参数改为正序,这样就可以实现点一次变换正反序的想法。
然后再利用EF先查询出所有学生记录,再利用OrderBy 或者 OrderByDescending来进行数据排序,最后把排序结果返回给View去显示;
Step2 检索过滤,这个相对比较简单,主要是利用EF查询的时候通过where加Lamda表达式来筛选出符合条件的数据。
先在View中增加一个过滤检索条件的输入框:(就增加在Create的<p>和主Table之间)
@using (Html.BeginForm())
{
<p>
Find by name: @Html.TextBox("SearchString")
<input type="submit" value="Search" />
</p>
}
Index Action中增加过滤操作:
public ActionResult Index(string sortOrder, string searchString)
{
ViewBag.NameSortParm = String.IsNullOrEmpty(sortOrder) ? "name_desc" : "";
ViewBag.DateSortParm = sortOrder == "Date" ? "date_desc" : "Date";
var students = from s in db.Students
select s;
if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(searchString))
{
students = students.Where(s => s.LastName.Contains(searchString)
|| s.FirstMidName.Contains(searchString));
}
switch (sortOrder)
{
case "name_desc":
students = students.OrderByDescending(s => s.LastName);
break;
case "Date":
students = students.OrderBy(s => s.EnrollmentDate);
break;
case "date_desc":
students = students.OrderByDescending(s => s.EnrollmentDate);
break;
default:
students = students.OrderBy(s => s.LastName);
break;
}
return View(students.ToList());
}
//后续增加一些思考
Step3 分页显示
原文采用PagedList.Mvc 而PagedList的github页面显示 PagedList已经不再维护升级,建议使用X.PagedList替代;
注:要用X.PagedList.Mvc的话,.net 必须4.5.2以上版本才可以;
下面用X.PagedList.Mvc来完成后续分页测试;
先通过NuGet安装: Install-Package X.PagedList.Mvc
(现在NuGet经常无法直接安装。。。头疼)
Student 控制器先增加申明: using X.PagedList;
Index Action 代码修改为:
public ActionResult Index(string sortOrder, string searchString, int? page) { //如果sortOrder为空,则把name_desc值传到view保存,下一次点击列头进行请求的时候,就会带回这个值,表示下一次用 Desc 倒序方式; ViewBag.NameSortParm = String.IsNullOrEmpty(sortOrder) ? "name_desc" : ""; //同理如果sortOrder为Date,则把date_desc值传到view保存,下一次点击列头进行请求时,带回这个值,表示下一次用 Date 倒序方式; ViewBag.DateSortParm = sortOrder == "Date" ? "date_desc" : "Date"; var students = from s in db.Students select s; if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(searchString)) { students = students.Where(s => s.LastName.Contains(searchString) || s.FirstMidName.Contains(searchString)); } switch (sortOrder) { case "name_desc": students = students.OrderByDescending(s => s.LastName); break; case "Date": students = students.OrderBy(s => s.EnrollmentDate); break; case "date_desc": students = students.OrderByDescending(s => s.EnrollmentDate); break; default: students = students.OrderBy(s => s.LastName); break; } var pageNumber = page ?? 1;
//简单固定数量分页,每页3条记录,如果要动态数量,需要修改 var onePageOfStudents = students.ToPagedList(pageNumber, 3); return View(onePageOfStudents); }
View变更为:
@model IEnumerable<EFTest.Models.Student> @{ ViewBag.Title = "Index"; } @using X.PagedList.Mvc; @using X.PagedList; <h2>Index</h2> <p> @Html.ActionLink("Create New", "Create") </p> @using (Html.BeginForm()) { <p> Find by name: @Html.TextBox("SearchString") <input type="submit" value="Search" /> </p> } <table class="table"> <tr> <th> @Html.ActionLink("Last Name", "Index", new { sortOrder = ViewBag.NameSortParm }) </th> <th> First Name </th> <th> @Html.ActionLink("Enrollment Date", "Index", new { sortOrder = ViewBag.DateSortParm }) </th> <th></th> </tr> @foreach (var item in Model) { <tr> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.LastName) </td> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.FirstMidName) </td> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.EnrollmentDate) </td> <td> @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", new { id=item.ID }) | @Html.ActionLink("Details", "Details", new { id=item.ID }) | @Html.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id=item.ID }) </td> </tr> } </table> @Html.PagedListPager((IPagedList)Model, page => Url.Action("Index", new { page }))
实现效果:
X.PagedList.Mvc 比原来的PagedList.Mvc简单不少;
(CSS样式是Twitter Bootstrap 样式的,也可以根据自己要求自定义,在Package里也有PagedList.css可以用
)
以前写的所谓这种方式是假分页的话是错的,收回。
通过下一章的命令拦截调试,可以看到执行的SQL语句,理论上应该是服务器端真分页,SQL语句只执行取总行数以及当前请求页的数据:
最后做一个Student的统计页面:
主要3步:
1、新建一个ViewModel用于显示统计数据;
2、修改Home\About Action;
3、修改About 对应的视图
using System; using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; namespace EFTest.ViewModels { public class EnrollmentDateGroup { [DataType(DataType.Date)] public DateTime? EnrollmentDate { get; set; } public int StudentCount { get; set; } } }
Home 控制器加入以下申明:
using EFTest.DAL; using EFTest.ViewModels;
Home 控制器加入上下文私有属性:
private SchoolContext db = new SchoolContext();
Home 控制器加入About Action :
public ActionResult About() { IQueryable<EnrollmentDateGroup> data = from student in db.Students group student by student.EnrollmentDate into dateGroup select new EnrollmentDateGroup() { EnrollmentDate = dateGroup.Key, StudentCount = dateGroup.Count() }; return View(data.ToList()); }
最后再加入关闭数据库连接代码:
protected override void Dispose(bool disposing) { db.Dispose(); base.Dispose(disposing); }
为About Action新建一个空视图,然后用以下代码替换:
@model IEnumerable<EFTest.ViewModels.EnrollmentDateGroup> @{ ViewBag.Title = "Student Body Statistics"; } <h2>Student Body Statistics</h2> <table> <tr> <th> Enrollment Date </th> <th> Students </th> </tr> @foreach (var item in Model) { <tr> <td> @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.EnrollmentDate) </td> <td> @item.StudentCount </td> </tr> } </table>
最后运行起来看下效果,点击Home 页 About 按钮:
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