Github下载提速与Git常用命令

Github下载提速

第一步：打开http://codeload.github.com.ipaddress.com/#ipinfo 找到你浏览器上实际显示的IP地址分别查询github.global.ssl.fastly.net和github.com， 例图 ：

 

第二步：按win+r唤起运行框，输入cmd，然后再依次ping一下上面的两个地址

第三步：打开你C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts文件，在文件末尾追加如下一行即可，IP地址选第二步测试TTL值小的那个。 192.30.253.121 http://codeload.github.com

另外分享一下我的github hosts，可能对你所在地区来说不是最优版本，最优hosts的选择可以参考上面三个步骤

# Github
151.101.44.249 http://github.global.ssl.fastly.net
192.30.253.113 http://github.com
103.245.222.133 http://assets-cdn.github.com
23.235.47.133 http://assets-cdn.github.com
203.208.39.104 http://assets-cdn.github.com
204.232.175.78 http://documentcloud.github.com
204.232.175.94 http://gist.github.com
107.21.116.220 http://help.github.com
207.97.227.252 http://nodeload.github.com
192.30.253.121 http://codeload.github.com
199.27.76.130 http://raw.github.com
107.22.3.110 http://status.github.com
204.232.175.78 http://training.github.com
207.97.227.243 http://www.github.com
185.31.16.184 http://github.global.ssl.fastly.net
185.31.18.133 http://avatars0.githubusercontent.com
185.31.19.133 http://avatars1.githubusercontent.com

第四步 更新DNS缓存

windows:

// 查看DNS缓存内容
ipconfig /displaydns

// 删除DNS缓存内容
ipconfig /flushdns

linux:

sudo dscacheutil -flushcache

 

Git常用命令

环境的构建

查看版本的命令：

git --version

查看git的安装目录：

which git

常用命令

#使用git命令初始化文件夹,即创建git本地仓库
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/Mac/Desktop/myapp/.git/
#配置全局变量
$ git config --global user.name "***"
$ git config --global user.email '****@qq.com'
#将index.jsp 添加到git仓库中
$ git add index.jsp
#获取git本地仓库状态
$ git status
#使用通配符添加文件到本地仓库,此命令表示将需要添加的本地仓库的所有html文件添加到本地仓库
$ git add *.html
#此命令表示将需要添加的本地仓库的所有文件添加到本地仓库
$ git add .
#从git本地仓库中移除index.jsp文件
$ git rm --cached index.jsp
#将已添加到本地仓库的文件全部提交,当输入此命令时,会切换到一个编辑页面,此时需输入此次提交的备注信息,保存退出即可
$ git commit
#此命令中参数'-m'后添加备注信息
$ git commit -m 'another change'
#创建.gitignore文件,该文件的作用是忽略文件中的指定文件,即不用添加提交的文件
$ touch .gitignore
#演示创建分支的方法,在分支下修改文件,除非合并,否则不会实质性修改主线的内容
$ git branch login
#切换到master角色下
$ git checkout master
#在master角色下合并分支命令
$ git merge login
#以下演示同步到GitHub上
#查看是否已有远程连接
$ git remote
#创建远程连接命令,"***"此内容需要在GitHub指定查看上复制
$ git remote add origin git@github.com:****/***.git
#将本地仓库中的文件推送到GitHub仓库上
$ git push -u origin master
#由于之前已建立连接,故此时只需直接即可push
$ git push
#从GitHub仓库中克隆项目到本地仓库
$ git clone **@github.com:***/homework.git

示例

Last login: Fri Mar  9 16:47:24 on ttys000
#配置git,生成公钥密钥(输完命令需要敲四次空格,后三次为提示一行敲一次),运行完之后会在~/.shh文件内生成id_rsa和id_rsa.pub两个文件,
#复制id_rsa.pub内容复制黏贴到GitHub的指定位置,此操作用于git连接github网站,获取读写权限
Mac$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096 -C "1037345628@qq.com"
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/Mac/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /Users/Mac/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /Users/Mac/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

--------------------------------------

#使用git进行项目版本管理.

#1.创建myapp,并切换至该目录下
:~ Mac$ cd /Users/Mac/Desktop/myapp 
#创建index.jsp app.jsp文件
:myapp Mac$ touch index.jsp
:myapp Mac$ touch app.jsp
#使用git命令初始化文件夹,即创建git本地仓库
:myapp Mac$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/Mac/Desktop/myapp/.git/
#配置全局变量
:myapp Mac$ git config --global user.name "****"
:myapp Mac$ git config --global user.email '****@qq.com'
#将index.jsp 添加到git仓库中
:myapp Mac$ git add index.jsp
#获取git本地仓库状态
:myapp Mac$ git status
#表示正在以master(项目创建者或主线管理)角色操作
On branch master
#表示没有提交过
No commits yet

Changes to be committed:
  (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
    #新文件,表示需要提交的文件
    new file:   index.jsp

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

    app.jsp

#从git本地仓库中移除index.jsp文件
:myapp Mac$ git rm --cached index.jsp
rm 'index.jsp'
#获取git本地仓库状态
:myapp Mac$ git status
On branch master

No commits yet

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
    #表示需要添加git仓库的文件
    app.jsp
    index.jsp
#没有可提交的文件
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
#创建index.html文件
:myapp Mac$ touch index.html
#查看git本地仓库状态
:myapp Mac$ git status
On branch master

No commits yet

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

    app.jsp
    index.html
    index.jsp

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
#使用通配符添加文件到本地仓库,此命令表示将需要添加的本地仓库的所有html文件添加到本地仓库
:myapp Mac$ git add *.html
:myapp Mac$ git status
On branch master

No commits yet

Changes to be committed:
  (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)

    new file:   index.html

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

    app.jsp
    index.jsp
#此命令表示将需要添加的本地仓库的所有文件添加到本地仓库
:myapp Mac$ git add .
:myapp Mac$ git status
On branch master

No commits yet

Changes to be committed:
  (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)

    new file:   app.jsp
    new file:   index.html
    new file:   index.jsp


#修改index.jsp 文件
:myapp Mac$ git status
On branch master

No commits yet

Changes to be committed:
  (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)

    new file:   app.jsp
    new file:   index.html
    new file:   index.jsp

Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
    #表示该文件已被修改过,需要重新添加本地仓库
    modified:   index.html

:myapp Mac$ git add .
:myapp Mac$ git status
On branch master

No commits yet

Changes to be committed:
  (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)

    new file:   app.jsp
    new file:   index.html
    new file:   index.jsp

#将已添加到本地仓库的文件全部提交,当输入此命令时,会切换到一个编辑页面,此时需输入此次提交的备注信息,保存退出即可
:myapp Mac$ git commit
[master (root-commit) f81a0ad] first commit;
 3 files changed, 10 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 app.jsp
 create mode 100644 index.html
 create mode 100644 index.jsp
:myapp Mac$ git status
On branch master
#表示没有需要提交的文件
nothing to commit, working tree clean
#修改app.jsp文件,获取本地仓库状态
:myapp Mac$ git status
On branch master
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)
      #表示需要添加的文件
    modified:   app.jsp
#表没有已经改变的已添加文件
no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
:myapp Mac$ git add .
:myapp Mac$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
    #需要提交的已经添加到本地仓库的修改文件
    modified:   app.jsp
#提交,输入备注信息
:myapp Mac$ git commit
#change is app.jsp 添加备注信息
[master 24e3cd2] changed is app.jsp
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

:myapp Mac$ git commit
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean

#创建log.txt文件
:myapp Mac$ git status
On branch master
Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

    log.txt

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
#创建.gitignore文件,该文件的作用是忽略文件中的指定文件,即不用添加提交的文件
:myapp Mac$ touch .gitignore
#在.gitignore文件输入log.txt
:myapp Mac$ git status
On branch master
Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
      #需要添加文件,已忽略log.txt文件
    .gitignore

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
:myapp Mac$ git add .
:myapp Mac$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

    new file:   .gitignore

#创建文件夹dir1,dir2
:myapp Mac$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

    new file:   .gitignore

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

    dir1/
    dir2/

#在.gitignore中添加"/dir1"内容
:myapp Mac$ git status
On branch master
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

    new file:   .gitignore

Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

    modified:   .gitignore

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

    dir2/

:myapp Mac$ git add .
#此命令中参数'-m'后添加备注信息
:myapp Mac$ git commit -m 'another change'
[master 50d5a2f] another change
 2 files changed, 3 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .gitignore
 create mode 100644 dir2/app2.js

#演示创建分支的方法,在分支下修改文件,除非合并,否则不会实质性修改主线的内容
#创建login分支命令 
:myapp Mac$ git branch login
:myapp Mac$ git status
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean
#切换到login分支下
:myapp Mac$ git checkout login
Switched to branch 'login'

#在分支下创建文件
:myapp Mac$ touch login.html
:myapp Mac$ git status
On branch login
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add <file>..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git checkout -- <file>..." to discard changes in working directory)

    modified:   dir2/app2.js
    modified:   index.html

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)

    login.html

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
:myapp Mac$ git commit -m 'login form'
On branch login
Changes not staged for commit:
    modified:   dir2/app2.js
    modified:   index.html

Untracked files:
    login.html

no changes added to commit
:myapp Mac$ git add .
:myapp Mac$ git commit -m 'login form'
[login 57202e2] login form
 3 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 login.html
:myapp Mac$ git status
On branch login
nothing to commit, working tree clean

#切换到master角色下
:myapp Mac$ git checkout master
Switched to branch 'master'

#在master角色下合并分支命令
:myapp Mac$ git merge login
Updating 50d5a2f..57202e2
Fast-forward
 dir2/app2.js |  2 +-
 index.html   |  1 +
 login.html   | 10 ++++++++++
 3 files changed, 12 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
 create mode 100644 login.html

#以下演示同步到GitHub上
#查看是否已有远程连接
:myapp Mac$ git remote
#创建远程连接命令,"git@github.com:****/homework.git"此内容需要在GitHub指定查看上复制
:myapp Mac$ git remote add origin git@github.com:*****/homework.git
#查看是否已有远程连接
:myapp Mac$ git remote
origin
:myapp Mac$ git push -u origin master
git@github.com: Permission denied (publickey).
fatal: Could not read from remote repository.

Please make sure you have the correct access rights
and the repository exists.
:myapp Mac$ git remote add origin https://github.com/*****/homework.git
fatal: remote origin already exists.

#将本地仓库中的文件推送到GitHub仓库上
WGB:myapp Mac$ git push -u origin master
Counting objects: 18, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (11/11), done.
Writing objects: 100% (18/18), 1.46 KiB | 213.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 18 (delta 3), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (3/3), done.
To github.com:gdwkong/homework.git
 * [new branch]      master -> master
Branch master set up to track remote branch master from origin.

#切换到master角色下
:myapp Mac$ git checkout master
A    README.md
Already on 'master'
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.
#创建文件README.md文件
:myapp Mac$ touch README.md
:myapp Mac$ git add .
:myapp Mac$ git status
On branch master
Your branch is up-to-date with 'origin/master'.

Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)

    new file:   README.md

:myapp Mac$ git commit -m 'README.md'
[master 2dcd73c] README.md
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 README.md

#由于之前已建立连接,故此时只需直接即可push
WGB:myapp Mac$ git push

Counting objects: 3, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 283 bytes | 283.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 1), reused 0 (delta 0)
remote: Resolving deltas: 100% (1/1), completed with 1 local object.
To github.com:gdwkong/homework.git
   57202e2..2dcd73c  master -> master

#从GitHub仓库中克隆项目到本地仓库
:myapp Mac$ cd /Users/Mac/Desktop/myapp2 
:myapp2 Mac$ ls
:myapp2 Mac$ git clone git@github.com:***/homework.git
Cloning into 'homework'...
remote: Counting objects: 21, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (9/9), done.
Receiving objects: 100% (21/21), done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (4/4), done.
remote: Total 21 (delta 4), reused 21 (delta 4), pack-reused 0
$

提交后GitHub中相应的仓库中的内容