c#运算符重载

C# 运算符重载

您可以重定义或重载 C# 中内置的运算符。因此,程序员也可以使用用户自定义类型的运算符。重载运算符是具有特殊名称的函数,是通过关键字 operator后跟运算符的符号来定义的。与其他函数一样,重载运算符有返回类型和参数列表。

例如,请看下面的函数:

public static Box operator+ (Box b, Box c)
{
   Box box = new Box();
   box.length = b.length + c.length;
   box.breadth = b.breadth + c.breadth;
   box.height = b.height + c.height;
   return box;
}

上面的函数为用户自定义的类 Box 实现了加法运算符(+)。它把两个 Box 对象的属性相加,并返回相加后的 Box 对象。

运算符重载的实现

下面的程序演示了完整的实现:

using System;

namespace OperatorOvlApplication
{
   class Box
   {
      private double length;      // 长度
      private double breadth;     // 宽度
      private double height;      // 高度

      public double getVolume()
      {
         return length * breadth * height;
      }
      public void setLength( double len )
      {
         length = len;
      }

      public void setBreadth( double bre )
      {
         breadth = bre;
      }

      public void setHeight( double hei )
      {
         height = hei;
      }
      // 重载 + 运算符来把两个 Box 对象相加
      public static Box operator+ (Box b, Box c)
      {
         Box box = new Box();
         box.length = b.length + c.length;
         box.breadth = b.breadth + c.breadth;
         box.height = b.height + c.height;
         return box;
      }

   }

   class Tester
   {
      static void Main(string[] args)
      {
         Box Box1 = new Box();         // 声明 Box1,类型为 Box
         Box Box2 = new Box();         // 声明 Box2,类型为 Box
         Box Box3 = new Box();         // 声明 Box3,类型为 Box
         double volume = 0.0;          // 体积

         // Box1 详述
         Box1.setLength(6.0);
         Box1.setBreadth(7.0);
         Box1.setHeight(5.0);

         // Box2 详述
         Box2.setLength(12.0);
         Box2.setBreadth(13.0);
         Box2.setHeight(10.0);

         // Box1 的体积
         volume = Box1.getVolume();
         Console.WriteLine("Box1 的体积: {0}", volume);

         // Box2 的体积
         volume = Box2.getVolume();
         Console.WriteLine("Box2 的体积: {0}", volume);

         // 把两个对象相加
         Box3 = Box1 + Box2;

         // Box3 的体积
         volume = Box3.getVolume();
         Console.WriteLine("Box3 的体积: {0}", volume);
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

当上面的代码被编译和执行时,它会产生下列结果:

Box1 的体积: 210
Box2 的体积: 1560
Box3 的体积: 5400

可重载和不可重载运算符

下表描述了 C# 中运算符重载的能力:

实例

针对上述讨论,让我们扩展上面的实例,重载更多的运算符:

using System;

namespace OperatorOvlApplication
{
    class Box
    {
        private double length;      // 长度
        private double breadth;     // 宽度
        private double height;      // 高度

        public double getVolume()
        {
            return length * breadth * height;
        }
        public void setLength( double len )
        {
            length = len;
        }

        public void setBreadth( double bre )
        {
            breadth = bre;
        }

        public void setHeight( double hei )
        {
            height = hei;
        }
        // 重载 + 运算符来把两个 Box 对象相加
        public static Box operator+ (Box b, Box c)
        {
            Box box = new Box();
            box.length = b.length + c.length;
            box.breadth = b.breadth + c.breadth;
            box.height = b.height + c.height;
            return box;
        }

        public static bool operator == (Box lhs, Box rhs)
        {
            bool status = false;
            if (lhs.length == rhs.length && lhs.height == rhs.height
                    && lhs.breadth == rhs.breadth)
            {
                status = true;
            }
            return status;
        }
        public static bool operator !=(Box lhs, Box rhs)
        {
            bool status = false;
            if (lhs.length != rhs.length || lhs.height != rhs.height
                    || lhs.breadth != rhs.breadth)
            {
                status = true;
            }
            return status;
        }
        public static bool operator <(Box lhs, Box rhs)
        {
            bool status = false;
            if (lhs.length < rhs.length && lhs.height                < rhs.height && lhs.breadth < rhs.breadth)
            {
                status = true;
            }
            return status;
        }        public static bool operator >(Box lhs, Box rhs)
        {
            bool status = false;
            if (lhs.length > rhs.length && lhs.height
                    > rhs.height && lhs.breadth > rhs.breadth)
            {
                status = true;
            }
            return status;
        }

        public static bool operator <=(Box lhs, Box rhs)
        {
            bool status = false;
            if (lhs.length <= rhs.length && lhs.height                <= rhs.height && lhs.breadth <= rhs.breadth)
            {
                status = true;
            }
            return status;
        }        public static bool operator >=(Box lhs, Box rhs)
        {
            bool status = false;
            if (lhs.length >= rhs.length && lhs.height
                    >= rhs.height && lhs.breadth >= rhs.breadth)
            {
                status = true;
            }
            return status;
        }
        public override string ToString()
        {
            return String.Format("({0}, {1}, {2})", length, breadth, height);
        }

    }

    class Tester
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Box Box1 = new Box();          // 声明 Box1,类型为 Box
            Box Box2 = new Box();          // 声明 Box2,类型为 Box
            Box Box3 = new Box();          // 声明 Box3,类型为 Box
            Box Box4 = new Box();
            double volume = 0.0;   // 体积

            // Box1 详述
            Box1.setLength(6.0);
            Box1.setBreadth(7.0);
            Box1.setHeight(5.0);

            // Box2 详述
            Box2.setLength(12.0);
            Box2.setBreadth(13.0);
            Box2.setHeight(10.0);

            // 使用重载的 ToString() 显示两个盒子
            Console.WriteLine("Box1: {0}", Box1.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine("Box2: {0}", Box2.ToString());

            // Box1 的体积
            volume = Box1.getVolume();
            Console.WriteLine("Box1 的体积: {0}", volume);

            // Box2 的体积
            volume = Box2.getVolume();
            Console.WriteLine("Box2 的体积: {0}", volume);

            // 把两个对象相加
            Box3 = Box1 + Box2;
            Console.WriteLine("Box3: {0}", Box3.ToString());
            // Box3 的体积
            volume = Box3.getVolume();
            Console.WriteLine("Box3 的体积: {0}", volume);

            //comparing the boxes
            if (Box1 > Box2)
                Console.WriteLine("Box1 大于 Box2");
            else
                Console.WriteLine("Box1 不大于 Box2");
            if (Box1 < Box2)           Console.WriteLine("Box1 小于 Box2");
            else           Console.WriteLine("Box1 不小于 Box2");
            if (Box1 >= Box2)
                Console.WriteLine("Box1 大于等于 Box2");
            else
                Console.WriteLine("Box1 不大于等于 Box2");
            if (Box1 <= Box2)           Console.WriteLine("Box1 小于等于 Box2");
            else           Console.WriteLine("Box1 不小于等于 Box2");
            if (Box1 != Box2)           Console.WriteLine("Box1 不等于 Box2");
            else           Console.WriteLine("Box1 等于 Box2");
            Box4 = Box3;
            if (Box3 == Box4)           Console.WriteLine("Box3 等于 Box4");
            else           Console.WriteLine("Box3 不等于 Box4");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

当上面的代码被编译和执行时,它会产生下列结果:

Box1: (6, 7, 5)
Box2: (12, 13, 10)
Box1 的体积: 210
Box2 的体积: 1560
Box3: (18, 20, 15)
Box3 的体积: 5400
Box1 不大于 Box2
Box1 小于 Box2
Box1 不大于等于 Box2
Box1 小于等于 Box2
Box1 不等于 Box2
Box3 等于 Box4

 

posted @ 2018-09-06 14:49  wys`  阅读(2075)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报