python 各种HTTP响应异常码并自定义异常信息

在Python中，处理HTTP响应状态码并根据不同的状态码抛出不同的异常，可以帮助你更好地管理和调试HTTP请求。你可以使用requests库来发送HTTP请求，并基于响应状态码抛出相应的异常。以下是一个示例代码，展示了如何根据HTTP响应状态码抛出各种异常：

import requests

class HTTPError(Exception):
    """Base class for HTTP-related exceptions."""
    pass

class HTTPBadRequestError(HTTPError):
    """Exception raised for 400 Bad Request errors."""
    pass

class HTTPUnauthorizedError(HTTPError):
    """Exception raised for 401 Unauthorized errors."""
    pass

class HTTPForbiddenError(HTTPError):
    """Exception raised for 403 Forbidden errors."""
    pass

class HTTPNotFoundError(HTTPError):
    """Exception raised for 404 Not Found errors."""
    pass

class HTTPServerError(HTTPError):
    """Exception raised for 500 Internal Server Error and other 5xx errors."""
    pass

def raise_for_status(response):
    """
    Raises an appropriate HTTPError subclass based on the HTTP status code.
    
    :param response: The response object from a requests.get/post/etc. call.
    :raises HTTPError: The appropriate subclass of HTTPError based on status code.
    """
    if response.status_code == 400:
        raise HTTPBadRequestError(f"Bad Request: {response.text}")
    elif response.status_code == 401:
        raise HTTPUnauthorizedError(f"Unauthorized: {response.text}")
    elif response.status_code == 403:
        raise HTTPForbiddenError(f"Forbidden: {response.text}")
    elif response.status_code == 404:
        raise HTTPNotFoundError(f"Not Found: {response.text}")
    elif 500 <= response.status_code < 600:
        raise HTTPServerError(f"Server Error ({response.status_code}): {response.text}")
    # Optionally, you can handle other status codes here
    response.raise_for_status()  # This will raise for any other unknown status codes

# Example usage
try:
    url = 'https://api.example.com/resource/123'
    response = requests.get(url)
    raise_for_status(response)
    # If no exception is raised, process the response data
    data = response.json()
    print(data)
except HTTPError as e:
    print(f"HTTP error occurred: {e}")