实验5 继承和多态

实验任务1

publisher.hpp

#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;

// 发行/出版物类：Publisher （抽象类）
class Publisher {
public:
    Publisher(const string &s = "");            // 构造函数

public:
    virtual void publish() const = 0;                 // 纯虚函数，作为接口继承
    virtual void use() const = 0;                     // 纯虚函数，作为接口继承

protected:
    string name;    // 发行/出版物名称
};

Publisher::Publisher(const string &s): name {s} {
}


// 图书类: Book
class Book: public Publisher {
public:
    Book(const string &s = "", const string &a = "");  // 构造函数

public:
    void publish() const override;        // 接口
    void use() const override;            // 接口

private:
    string author;          // 作者
};

Book::Book(const string &s, const string &a): Publisher{s}, author{a} {
}

void Book::publish() const {
    cout << "Publishing book: 《" << name << "》 by " << author << endl;
}

void Book::use() const {
    cout << "Reading book: " << name << " by " << author << endl;
}


// 电影类: Film
class Film: public Publisher {
public:
    Film(const string &s = "", const string &d = "");   // 构造函数

public:
    void publish() const override;    // 接口
    void use() const override;        // 接口            

private:
    string director;        // 导演
};

Film::Film(const string &s, const string &d): Publisher{s}, director{d} {
}

void Film::publish() const {
    cout << "Publishing film: <" << name << "> directed by " << director << endl;
}

void Film::use() const {
    cout << "Watching film: " << name << " directed by " << director << endl;
}


// 音乐类：Music
class Music: public Publisher {
public:
    Music(const string &s = "", const string &a = "");

public:
    void publish() const override;        // 接口
    void use() const override;            // 接口

private:
    string artist;      // 音乐艺术家名称
};

Music::Music(const string &s, const string &a): Publisher{s}, artist{a} {
}

void Music::publish() const {
    cout << "Publishing music <" << name << "> by " << artist << endl;
}

void Music::use() const {
    cout << "Listening to music: " << name << " by " << artist << endl;
}

task1.cpp

#include "publisher.hpp"
#include <vector>
#include <typeinfo>

using std::vector;

void test() {
   vector<Publisher *> v;

   v.push_back(new Book("Harry Potter", "J.K. Rowling"));
   v.push_back(new Film("The Godfather", "Francis Ford Coppola"));
   v.push_back(new Music("Blowing in the wind", "Bob Dylan"));

   for(auto &ptr: v) {
        cout << "pointer type: " << typeid(ptr).name() << endl;  // 输出指针类型
        cout << "RTTI type: " << typeid(*ptr).name() << endl;    // 输出指针指向的对象类型
        ptr->publish();
        ptr->use();
        cout << endl;
   }
}

int main() {
    test();
}

 实验任务2

booksale.hpp

#pragma once

#include "book.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>

using std::string;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::setw;

class BookSale {
public:
    BookSale(const Book &b, float price, int amount);
    int get_amount() const;
    
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const BookSale &item);

private:
    Book rb;         
    float sales_price;      // 售价
    int sales_amount;       // 销售数量
    float revenue;          // 营收
};

// 成员函数实现
BookSale::BookSale(const Book &b, float price, int amount): rb{b}, sales_price(price), sales_amount{amount} {  
    revenue = sales_amount * sales_price;
}

int BookSale::get_amount() const {
    return sales_amount;
}

// 友元函数实现
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const BookSale &item) {
    out << left;
    out << item.rb << endl
        << setw(15) << "售价:" << item.sales_price << endl
        << setw(15) << "销售数量:" << item.sales_amount << endl
        << setw(15) << "营收:" << item.revenue;

    return out;
}

book.hpp

#pragma once

#include <string>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>

using std::string;
using std::ostream;
using std::endl;
using std::setw;
using std::left;

class Book {
public:
    Book(const string &name, const string &author, const string &translator, const string &isbn, float price);

    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Book &book);

private:
    string name;        // 书名
    string author;      // 作者
    string translator;  // 译者
    string isbn;        // isbn号
    float price;        // 定价
};

// 成员函数实现
Book::Book(const string &name, const string &author, const string &translator, const string &isbn, float price) {
    this->name = name;
    this->author = author;
    this->translator = translator;
    this->isbn = isbn;
    this->price = price;
}

// 友元实现
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Book &book) {
    out << left;
    out << setw(15) << "书名:" << book.name << endl
        << setw(15) << "作者:" << book.author << endl
        << setw(15) << "译者:" << book.translator << endl
        << setw(15) << "ISBN:" << book.isbn << endl
        << setw(15) << "定价:" << book.price;

    return out;
}

task2.cpp

#include "booksale.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>

// 按图书销售数额比较
bool compare_by_amount(const BookSale &x1, const BookSale &x2) {
    return x1.get_amount() > x2.get_amount();
}

void test() {
    using namespace std;

     vector<BookSale> sales_lst;         // 存放图书销售记录

     int books_number;
    cout << "录入图书数量: ";
    cin >> books_number;

    cout << "录入图书销售记录" << endl;
    for(int i = 0; i < books_number; ++i) {
        string name, author, translator, isbn;
        float price;
        cout << string(20, '-') << "第" << i+1 << "本图书信息录入" << string(20, '-') << endl;
        cout << "录入书名: "; cin >> name;
        cout << "录入作者: "; cin >> author;
        cout << "录入译者: "; cin >> translator;
        cout << "录入isbn: "; cin >> isbn;
        cout << "录入定价: "; cin >> price;

        Book book(name, author, translator, isbn, price);

        float sales_price;
        int sales_amount;

        cout << "录入售价: "; cin >> sales_price;
        cout << "录入销售数量: "; cin >> sales_amount;

        BookSale record(book, sales_price, sales_amount);
        sales_lst.push_back(record);
    }

    // 按销售册数排序
    sort(sales_lst.begin(), sales_lst.end(), compare_by_amount);

    // 按销售册数降序输出图书销售信息
    cout << string(20, '=') <<  "图书销售统计" << string(20, '=') << endl;
    for(auto &t: sales_lst) {
        cout << t << endl;
        cout << string(40, '-') << endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    test();
}

 实验任务3

 pets.hpp

#include<iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class MachinePets {
public:
    MachinePets(const string& s):nickname{s}{}
    string get_nickname() const{
        return nickname;
    }
    virtual string talk() const = 0;
protected:
    string nickname;
};

class PetCats : public MachinePets {
public:
    PetCats(const string& s):MachinePets(s){} 
    string talk()const override{return "miao miao miao";};
};


class PetDogs : public MachinePets {
public:
    PetDogs(const string& s):MachinePets(s) {}
    string talk()const override{return "wang wang wang";};
};

task3.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include "pets.hpp"

void test() {
    using namespace std;

    vector<MachinePets *> pets;

    pets.push_back(new PetCats("miku"));
    pets.push_back(new PetDogs("da huang"));

    for(auto &ptr: pets)
        cout <<ptr->get_nickname() << " says " << ptr->talk() << endl;
}

int main() {
    test();
}

 实验任务4

film.hpp

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

class Film{
public:
    Film()=default;
    Film(string n,string d,string c,int y):name{n},director{d},country{c},year{y}{}
    friend istream &operator>>(istream &in,Film &film){
        cout<<"录入片名：";in>>film.name;
        cout<<"录入导演：";in>>film.director;
        cout<<"录入制片国家/地区：";in>>film.country;
        cout<<"录入上映年份：";in>>film.year; 
    }
    friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &out,Film &film){
        cout<<film.name<<"    "<<film.director<<"        "<<film.country<<"        "<<film.year<<endl;
    }
    bool compare_by_year(const Film &other) const
    {
        return year < other.year;
    }
private:
    string name,country,director;
    int year;
};

task4.cpp

#include "film.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
bool compare_by_year(const Film &f1, const Film &f2)
{
    return f1.compare_by_year(f2);
}
void test() {
    using namespace std;
    
    int n;
    cout << "输入电影数目: ";
    cin >> n;

    cout << "录入" << n << "部影片信息" << endl;
    vector<Film> film_lst;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        Film f;
        cout << string(20, '-') << "第" << i+1 << "部影片录入" << string(20, '-') << endl;
        cin >> f;
        film_lst.push_back(f);
    }

    // 按发行年份升序排序
    sort(film_lst.begin(), film_lst.end(), compare_by_year);

    cout << string(20, '=') + "电影信息(按发行年份)" +  string(20, '=')<< endl;
    for(auto &f: film_lst)
        cout << f << endl;
}

int main() {
    test();
}

 实验任务5

Complex.hpp

#include<iostream>

using namespace std;
template <typename T>
class Complex{
public:
    Complex(T r=0,T i=0):real{r},imag{i}{}
    T get_real()const{return real;}
    T get_imag()const{return imag;}
    Complex operator+(const Complex& c1)const{
        return Complex(real+c1.real,imag+c1.imag);
    }
    Complex& operator+=(const Complex &c){
        real += c.real;
        imag += c.imag;
        return *this;
    }
    bool operator==(const Complex& c1)const{
        return(c1.real==real && c1.imag==imag);
    }
    friend istream& operator>>(istream &in,Complex &c){
        in>>c.real>>c.imag;
        return in;
    }
    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out,const Complex &c){
        out<<c.real<<" + "<<c.imag<<"i"<<endl;
        return out;
    }
private:
    T real,imag;
};

task5.cpp

#include "Complex.hpp"
#include <iostream>

using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::boolalpha;

void test1() {
    Complex<int> c1(2, -5), c2(c1);

    cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
    cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
    cout << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl;
    
    c1 += c2;
    cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
    cout << boolalpha << (c1 == c2) << endl;
}

void test2() {
    Complex<double> c1, c2;
    cout << "Enter c1 and c2: ";
    cin >> c1 >> c2;
    cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
    cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;

    cout << "c1.real = " << c1.get_real() << endl;
    cout << "c1.imag = " << c1.get_imag() << endl;
}

int main() {
    cout << "自定义类模板Complex测试1: " << endl;
    test1();

    cout << endl;

    cout << "自定义类模板Complex测试2: " << endl;
    test2();
}

 实验任务6

date.h

#pragma once
  
  class Date {
  private:
      int year;
      int month;
      int day;
      int totalDays;
  
 public:
     Date(int year, int month, int day);
     int getYear() const { return year; }
     int getMonth() const { return month; }
     int getDay() const { return day; }
    int getMaxDay() const;
     bool isLeapYear() const {
         return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
     }
     void show() const;
     int operator-(const Date& date) const {
         return totalDays - date.totalDays;
     }
 };

date.cpp

 #include "date.h"
  #include <iostream>
  #include <cstdlib>
  using namespace std;
  
  namespace {
     const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
 }
  
 Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) : year(year), month(month), day(day) {
     if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
         cout << "Invalid date: ";
         show();
         cout << endl;
         exit(1);
     }
     int years = year - 1;
     totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
     if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
 }
 
 int Date::getMaxDay() const {
     if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
         return 29;
     else return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
 }
 
 void Date::show() const {
     cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
 }

accumulator.h

 #pragma once
  #include "date.h"
  
 class Accumulator {
  private:
      Date lastDate;
      double value;
      double sum;
  
 public:
     Accumulator(const Date& date, double value) : lastDate(date), value(value), sum{ 0 } {}

     double getSum(const Date& date) const {
         return sum + value * (date - lastDate);
    }
 
    void change(const Date& date, double value) {
         sum = getSum(date);
         lastDate = date;
         this->value = value;
     }
 
    void reset(const Date& date, double value) {
         lastDate = date;
         this->value = value;
         sum = 0;
     }
 };

account.h

 #pragma once
 #include "date.h"
 #include "accumulator.h"
 #include <string>
 using namespace std;

 class Account {
private:
    string id;
     double balance;
    static double total;
 protected:
     Account(const Date& date, const string& id);
    void record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
     void error(const string& msg) const;
public:
    const string& getId() { return id; }
     double getBalance() const { return balance; }
    static double getTotal() { return total; }
     virtual void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) = 0;
     virtual void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) = 0;
     virtual void settle(const Date& date) = 0;
     virtual void show() const;
 };
 
 class SavingsAccount : public Account {
private:
     Accumulator acc;
     double rate;
 public:
     SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate);
     double getRate() const { return rate; }
     void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
     void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
     void settle(const Date& date);
 };
 
 class CreditAccount : public Account {
 private:
     Accumulator acc;
     double credit;
     double rate;
    double fee;
     double getDebt() const {
         double balance = getBalance();
         return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
    }
 public:
     CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee);
     double getCredit() const { return credit; }
     double getRate() const { return rate; }
     double getFee() const { return fee; }
     double getAvailableCredit() const {
         if (getBalance() < 0) return credit + getBalance();
         else return credit;
     }
     void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
     void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
     void settle(const Date& date);
     void show() const;
 };

account.cpp

 #include "account.h"
  #include <cmath>
  #include<iostream>
  using namespace std;
  
  double Account::total = 0;
  
  Account::Account(const Date& date, const string& id) : id(id), balance(0) {
     date.show();
     cout << "\t#" << id << " created" << endl;
 }
 
 void Account::record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
     amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
     balance += amount;
     total += amount;
     date.show();
     cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
 }

 void Account::show() const {
     cout << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
 }
 
 void Account::error(const string& msg) const {
    cout << "Error (#" << id << "): " << msg << endl;
 }
 
 SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate)
     : Account(date, id), rate(rate), acc(date, 0) {}
 
 void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
    record(date, amount, desc);
     acc.change(date, getBalance());
 }

 void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
     if (amount > getBalance()) {
         error("not enough money");
     }
     else {
        record(date, -amount, desc);
        acc.change(date, getBalance());
     }
 }
 
 void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
     double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate / (date - Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
    if (interest != 0) record(date, interest, "interest");
     acc.reset(date, getBalance());
 }
 
 CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee)
     : Account(date, id), credit(credit), rate(rate), fee(fee), acc(date, 0) {}
 
 void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
     record(date, amount, desc);
     acc.change(date, getDebt());
 }
 
 void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
     if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
         error("not enough credit");
     }
     else {
         record(date, -amount, desc);
         acc.change(date, getDebt());
     }
 }
 
 void CreditAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
     double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
     if (interest != 0) record(date, interest, "interest");
     if (date.getMonth() == 1) record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
     acc.reset(date, getDebt());

 }
 
 void CreditAccount::show() const {
     Account::show();
     cout << "\tAvailable credit: " << getAvailableCredit();
 }

  #include<iostream>
#include"account.h"
  using namespace std;
  
  int main() {
      Date date(2008, 11, 1);
      SavingsAccount sa1(date, "S3755217", 0.015);
      SavingsAccount sa2(date, "02342342", 0.015);
      CreditAccount ca(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50);
     Account* accounts[] = { &sa1, &sa2, &ca };
     const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(Account*);
     cout << "(d)deposit (w)withdraw (s)show (c)change day (n)next month (e)exit" << endl;
    char cmd;
     do {
         date.show();
         cout << "\tTotal:" << Account::getTotal() << "\tcommand>";
         int index, day;
         double amount;
         string desc;
        cin >> cmd;
         switch (cmd) {
         case 'd':
             cin >> index >> amount;
             getline(cin, desc);
             accounts[index]->deposit(date, amount, desc);
             break;
         case 'w':
             cin >> index >> amount;
             getline(cin, desc);
             accounts[index]->withdraw(date, amount, desc);
             break;
         case 's':
             for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                 cout << "[" << i << "]";
                accounts[i]->show();
                 cout << endl;
             }
             break;
        case 'c':
             cin >> day;
            if (day < date.getDay()) {
                 cout << "You cannot specify a previous day";
             }
             else if (day > date.getMaxDay())
                 cout << "Invalid day";
             else date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);
             break;
        case 'n':
             if (date.getMonth() == 12)
                date = Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);
             else date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);
             for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                accounts[i]->settle(date);
            }
            break;
         }
     } while (cmd != 'e');
     return 0;
 }