反射如何破坏单例模式

一个单例类:


public class Singleton {
    private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();   

    private Singleton() {} 

    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        return instance;
    }
}
 

通过反射破坏单例模式:


public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        Singleton s1 = Singleton.getInstance();

        Constructor<Singleton> constructor = Singleton.class.getDeclaredConstructor();
        constructor.setAccessible(true);
        Singleton s2 = constructor.newInstance();

        System.out.println(s1.hashCode());
        System.out.println(s2.hashCode());

    }
}

  

输出结果:
671631440

935563443

结果表明s1和s2是两个不同的实例了。

通过反射获得单例类的构造函数,由于该构造函数是private的,通过setAccessible(true)指示反射的对象在使用时应该取消 Java 语言访问检查,使得私有的构造函数能够被访问,这样使得单例模式失效。

 

如果要抵御这种攻击,要防止构造函数被成功调用两次。需要在构造函数中对实例化次数进行统计,大于一次就抛出异常。


public class Singleton {
    private static int count = 0;

    private static Singleton instance = null; 

    private Singleton(){
        synchronized (Singleton.class) {
            if(count > 0){
                throw new RuntimeException("创建了两个实例");
            }
            count++;
        }

    }

    public static Singleton getInstance() {
        if(instance == null) {
            instance = new Singleton();
        }
        return instance;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        Constructor<Singleton> constructor = Singleton.class.getDeclaredConstructor();
        constructor.setAccessible(true);
        Singleton s1 = constructor.newInstance();
        Singleton s2 = constructor.newInstance();
    }

}

执行结果:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source)
    at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source)
    at com.yzz.reflect.Singleton.main(Singleton.java:33)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: 创建了两个实例
    at com.yzz.reflect.Singleton.<init>(Singleton.java:14)
    ... 5 more

在通过反射创建第二个实例时抛出异常,防止实例化多个对象。构造函数中的synchronized是为了防止多线程情况下实例化多个对象。
posted @ 2017-02-06 21:18  _AlbertWang  阅读(7042)  评论(4编辑  收藏  举报