linux-LVM磁盘扩容
查看磁盘
[ops@stock_kline_database ~]$ sudo fdisk -l 磁盘 /dev/sda：42.9 GB, 42949672960 字节，83886080 个扇区 Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节 I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节 磁盘标签类型：dos 磁盘标识符：0x0006ba9b 设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux /dev/sda2 2099200 83886079 40893440 8e Linux LVM 磁盘 /dev/sdb：493.9 GB, 493921239040 字节，964689920 个扇区 【已添加到LVM的磁盘，已经格式化】 Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节 I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节 磁盘标签类型：dos 磁盘标识符：0x8e329555 设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 2048 964689919 482343936 8e Linux LVM 磁盘 /dev/mapper/rhel-root：37.6 GB, 37576769536 字节，73392128 个扇区 Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节 I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节 磁盘 /dev/mapper/rhel-swap：4294 MB, 4294967296 字节，8388608 个扇区 Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节 I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节 磁盘 /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata：493.5 GB, 493497614336 字节，963862528 个扇区 Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节 I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节 磁盘 /dev/sdc：214.7 GB, 214748364800 字节，419430400 个扇区 【未格式化的磁盘】 Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节 I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节 [ops@stock_kline_database ~]$
注意上面已经格式化与未格式化的磁盘。【未格式化的磁盘就是要添加到LVM的磁盘】
还可以通过vgdisplay和pvdisplay两个命令查看已经添加到lvm的磁盘！
[ops@stock_kline_database ~]$ df -h 文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 /dev/mapper/rhel-root 35G 3.2G 30G 10% / devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 16G 212M 16G 2% /run tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 976M 112M 798M 13% /boot /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata 453G 312G 119G 73% /data tmpfs 3.2G 0 3.2G 0% /run/user/0 tmpfs 3.2G 0 3.2G 0% /run/user/1001
格式化新添加的磁盘为lvm格式
小于2T的磁盘使用fdisk格式化：
1：sudo fdisk /dev/sdc 格式化磁盘 进入交互界面 2：Command (m for help): n 添加一个分区 Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended Select (default p): p #主分区 Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 #默认即可 First sector (2048-1677721599, default 2048): #默认即可 Using default value 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1677721599, default 1677721599): Using default value 1677721599 Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 800 GiB is set Command (m for help): t # 选择格式化分区类型 Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list all codes): L # 会打印所有的类型的代码，选择8e Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM' Command (m for help): w # 保存 The partition table has been altered!
详细过程如下：
sudo fdisk /dev/sdf Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Device does not contain a recognized partition table Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xa8cd607c. Command (m for help): p Disk /dev/sdf: 859.0 GB, 858993459200 bytes, 1677721600 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0xa8cd607c Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System Command (m for help): 1 1: unknown command Command action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition g create a new empty GPT partition table G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only) Command (m for help): n Partition type: p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free) e extended Select (default p): p Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 First sector (2048-1677721599, default 2048): Using default value 2048 Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1677721599, default 1677721599): Using default value 1677721599 Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 800 GiB is set Command (m for help): t Selected partition 1 Hex code (type L to list all codes): L 0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris 1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT- 4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx 5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data 6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / . 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility 8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt 9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/ 10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b 11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor 12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor 14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary 16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS 17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE 18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto 1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep 1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM' Command (m for help): w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table. Syncing disks.
格式化后的磁盘如下：
磁盘 /dev/sdc：214.7 GB, 214748364800 字节，419430400 个扇区 Units = 扇区 of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes 扇区大小(逻辑/物理)：512 字节 / 512 字节 I/O 大小(最小/最佳)：512 字节 / 512 字节 磁盘标签类型：dos 磁盘标识符：0x6861bee8 设备 Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 2048 419430399 209714176 8e Linux LVM
创建物理卷
[ops@stock_kline_database ~]$ sudo pvcreate /dev/sdc1 Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created.
[ops@stock_kline_database ~]$ sudo pvdisplay
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sda2
VG Name rhel
PV Size <39.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes (but full)
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 9983
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 9983
PV UUID WLW0XL-n3le-1W7N-S6Vd-fYmE-Z1kf-dtkUXW
--- Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdb1
VG Name vgdata
PV Size <460.00 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
Allocatable yes
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 117759
Free PE 100
Allocated PE 117659
PV UUID wF3cCs-ecG8-OYTT-kWHk-Vjgm-5WqE-zfZpc9
"/dev/sdc1" is a new physical volume of "<200.00 GiB" #新创建的物理卷
--- NEW Physical volume ---
PV Name /dev/sdc1
VG Name
PV Size <200.00 GiB
Allocatable NO
PE Size 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID oq2NDg-GLrY-YMPO-id6F-B6mQ-dpl7-T0C7OT
把新创建的物理卷添加到逻辑卷组中，注意服务器上可能不止一个lvm卷，选择对应的名称！【这里有两个物理卷，新加入的是vgdata这个卷名】
[ops@stock_kline_database ~]$ sudo vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name rhel System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 3 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size <39.00 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 9983 Alloc PE / Size 9983 / <39.00 GiB Free PE / Size 0 / 0 VG UUID fDS5Qs-jmUa-WTAy-Pojt-zGvt-VtJt-UftWNG --- Volume group --- VG Name vgdata System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 1 Open LV 1 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size <460.00 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 117759 Alloc PE / Size 117659 / <459.61 GiB Free PE / Size 100 / 400.00 MiB VG UUID XIqWiX-jTEm-8xCa-rp2j-TmW3-kmHW-YT8Biw
[ops@stock_kline_database ~]$ sudo vgextend vgdata /dev/sdc1 # 扩展逻辑卷 Volume group "vgdata" successfully extended [ops@stock_kline_database ~]$ sudo lvextend /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata /dev/sdc1 # 扩展lvm卷 Size of logical volume vgdata/lvdata changed from <459.61 GiB (117659 extents) to 659.60 GiB (168858 extents). Logical volume vgdata/lvdata successfully resized.
查看磁盘空间以及文件系统格式：
[ops@stock_kline_database ~]$ df -Th 文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 /dev/mapper/rhel-root ext4 35G 3.2G 30G 10% / devtmpfs devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 16G 212M 16G 2% /run tmpfs tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 ext4 976M 112M 798M 13% /boot /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata ext4 453G 311G 119G 73% /data tmpfs tmpfs 3.2G 0 3.2G 0% /run/user/0 tmpfs tmpfs 3.2G 0 3.2G 0% /run/user/1001
然后执行最后一步，扩展磁盘：ext4系统和xfs使用不同的命令：
[ops@stock_kline_database ~]$ sudo resize2fs /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Filesystem at /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata is mounted on /data; on-line resizing required old_desc_blocks = 58, new_desc_blocks = 83 The filesystem on /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata is now 172910592 blocks long. [ops@stock_kline_database ~]$ df -h 文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点 /dev/mapper/rhel-root 35G 3.2G 30G 10% / devtmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 16G 212M 16G 2% /run tmpfs 16G 0 16G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 976M 112M 798M 13% /boot /dev/mapper/vgdata-lvdata 650G 311G 308G 51% /data tmpfs 3.2G 0 3.2G 0% /run/user/0 tmpfs 3.2G 0 3.2G 0% /run/user/1001
可以看到磁盘空间已经增加！
xfs格式系统扩展如下：
[ops@VM100 ~]$ sudo xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=2956800 blks = sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=11827200, imaxpct=25 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=5775, version=2 = sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0 data blocks changed from 11827200 to 38040576
