C#/.Net Windows Service 定时服务

1.发现问题

发现公司之前的定时任务都是控制台，并且服务器上开了好几个控制台程序，就想把他们放在一个服务里面且各自按原来的周期定期执行

2.解决问题

2.1创建控制台程序

2.2创建完成添加windows Services

选中项目-->右键--->添加-->新建项

创建完成点击切换到代码视图,可以看到下代码，顾名思义，OnStart是启动时执行，OnStop服务停止时执行的

点击查看代码

    partial class WinService : ServiceBase
    {
        public WinService()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
        {
            // TODO: 在此处添加代码以启动服务。
        }

        protected override void OnStop()
        {
            // TODO: 在此处添加代码以执行停止服务所需的关闭操作。
        }
    }

2.3添加ServiceHelper辅助类

点击查看代码

using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Configuration.Install;
using System.Reflection;
using System.ServiceProcess;

namespace WindowsServiceDemo
{
    public class ServiceHelper
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 服务是否存在
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="serviceName"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static bool IsServiceExisted(string serviceName)
        {
            ServiceController[] services = ServiceController.GetServices();
            foreach (ServiceController s in services)
            {
                if (s.ServiceName == serviceName)
                {
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 启动服务
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="serviceName"></param>
        public static void StartService(string serviceName)
        {
            if (IsServiceExisted(serviceName))
            {
                ServiceController service = new ServiceController(serviceName);
                if (service.Status != ServiceControllerStatus.Running &&
                    service.Status != ServiceControllerStatus.StartPending)
                {
                    service.Start();
                    for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++)
                    {
                        service.Refresh();
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
                        if (service.Status == ServiceControllerStatus.Running)
                        {
                            break;
                        }
                        if (i == 59)
                        {
                            throw new Exception("Start Service Error：" + serviceName);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 停止服务
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="serviceName"></param>
        public static void StopService(string serviceName)
        {
            if (IsServiceExisted(serviceName))
            {
                ServiceController service = new ServiceController(serviceName);
                if (service.Status != ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped &&
                    service.Status != ServiceControllerStatus.StopPending)
                {
                    service.Stop();
                    for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++)
                    {
                        service.Refresh();
                        System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000);
                        if (service.Status == ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped)
                        {
                            break;
                        }
                        if (i == 59)
                        {
                            throw new Exception("Start Service Error：" + serviceName);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 获取服务状态
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="serviceName"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static ServiceControllerStatus GetServiceStatus(string serviceName)
        {
            ServiceController service = new ServiceController(serviceName);
            return service.Status;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 安装配置服务
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="serviceName"></param>
        /// <param name="install"></param>
        public static void ConfigService(string serviceName, bool install, string serviceDes = "")
        {
            TransactedInstaller ti = new TransactedInstaller();
            ti.Installers.Add(new ServiceProcessInstaller
            {
                Account = ServiceAccount.LocalSystem
            });
            ti.Installers.Add(new ServiceInstaller
            {
                DisplayName = serviceName,
                ServiceName = serviceName,
                Description = serviceDes == "" ? "本地注册自主运行服务" : serviceDes,
                ServicesDependedOn = new string[] { "MSSQLSERVER" },//前置服务
                StartType = ServiceStartMode.Automatic//运行方式
            });
            ti.Context = new InstallContext();
            ti.Context.Parameters["assemblypath"] = "\"" + Assembly.GetEntryAssembly().Location + "\" /service";
            if (install)
            {
                ti.Install(new Hashtable());
            }
            else
            {
                ti.Uninstall(null);
            }
        }
    }
}

2.4控制台程序Program

点击查看代码


    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ///带参启动运行服务
            if (args.Length > 0)
            {
                try
                {
                    ServiceBase[] serviceToRun = new ServiceBase[] { new WinService() };
                    ServiceBase.Run(serviceToRun);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    System.IO.File.AppendAllText(@"D:\Log.txt", "\nService Start Error：" + DateTime.Now.ToString() + "\n" + ex.Message);
                }
            }
            //不带参启动配置程序
            else
            {
            titlelable:
                Console.WriteLine("请输入服务名称");
                string serviceName = Console.ReadLine();
                if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(serviceName))
                    goto titlelable;
                Console.WriteLine("请输入服务描述");
                string serviceDes = Console.ReadLine();
            StartLable:
                Console.WriteLine("\n\n请选择你要执行的操作——1：自动部署服务，2：安装服务，3：卸载服务，4：停止服务，5：验证服务状态，6.退出");
                Console.WriteLine("————————————————————");
                ConsoleKey key = Console.ReadKey().Key;

                //安装并且启动服务（如果当前服务存在，会卸载当前服务，然后再进行安装并启动）
                if (key == ConsoleKey.NumPad1 || key == ConsoleKey.D1)
                {
                    if (ServiceHelper.IsServiceExisted(serviceName))
                    {
                        ServiceHelper.ConfigService(serviceName, false, serviceDes);
                    }
                    if (!ServiceHelper.IsServiceExisted(serviceName))
                    {
                        ServiceHelper.ConfigService(serviceName, true, serviceDes);
                    }
                    ServiceHelper.StartService(serviceName);
                    goto StartLable;
                }
                else if (key == ConsoleKey.NumPad2 || key == ConsoleKey.D2)
                {
                    if (!ServiceHelper.IsServiceExisted(serviceName))
                    {
                        ServiceHelper.ConfigService(serviceName, true, serviceDes);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("\n服务已存在......");
                    }
                    goto StartLable;
                }
                else if (key == ConsoleKey.NumPad3 || key == ConsoleKey.D3)
                {
                    if (ServiceHelper.IsServiceExisted(serviceName))
                    {
                        ServiceHelper.ConfigService(serviceName, false);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("\n服务不存在......");
                    }
                    goto StartLable;
                }
                else if (key == ConsoleKey.NumPad4 || key == ConsoleKey.D4)
                {
                    if (!ServiceHelper.IsServiceExisted(serviceName))
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("\n服务不存在......");
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        ServiceHelper.StopService(serviceName);
                        Console.WriteLine("\n服务已停止,状态：" + ServiceHelper.GetServiceStatus(serviceName).ToString());
                    }
                    goto StartLable;
                }
                else if (key == ConsoleKey.NumPad5 || key == ConsoleKey.D5)
                {
                    if (!ServiceHelper.IsServiceExisted(serviceName))
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("\n服务不存在......");
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("\n服务状态：" + ServiceHelper.GetServiceStatus(serviceName).ToString());
                    }
                    goto StartLable;
                }
                else if (key == ConsoleKey.NumPad6 || key == ConsoleKey.D6) { }

                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("\n请输入一个有效键！");
                    Console.WriteLine("————————————————————");
                    goto StartLable;
                }
            }
        }
    }

此时已经可以注册服务，卸载服务等操作，但是不能还没有定时任务

2.5添加定时任务

此处我们需要使用定时器 System.Timers.Timer，使任务定时执行

点击查看代码


    partial class WinService : ServiceBase
    {
        Timer timer = new Timer();
        Timer timer1 = new Timer();
        public WinService()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 服务启动
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="args"></param>
        protected override void OnStart(string[] args)
        {
            //定时服务
            timer.Elapsed += new ElapsedEventHandler(TaskOne);
            timer.AutoReset = true;//是否触发Elapsed事件
            timer.Enabled = true;//每到指定时间Elapsed事件是触发一次（false），还是一直触发（true）
            timer.Interval = GetConfig("TaskOne");////执行间隔时间,单位为毫秒

            timer1.Elapsed += new ElapsedEventHandler(TaskTwo);
            timer1.AutoReset = true;
            timer1.Enabled = true;
            timer1.Interval = GetConfig("TaskTwo");//;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 服务停止
        /// </summary>
        protected override void OnStop()
        {
            File.AppendAllText(@"D:\ServiceLog.txt", " 服务已经停止:" + DateTime.Now.ToString());
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// 业务
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        public void TaskOne(object sender, ElapsedEventArgs e)
        {
            //业务处理
            File.AppendAllText(@"D:\TaskOne.txt", " Service Start:" + DateTime.Now.ToString());
        }

        public void TaskTwo(object sender, ElapsedEventArgs e)
        {
            //业务处理
            File.AppendAllText(@"D:\TaskTwo.txt", " Service Start:" + DateTime.Now.ToString());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取配置文件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="key"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static double GetConfig(string key)
        {
            var value = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings[key];
            var v = string.IsNullOrEmpty(value) ? "1000" : value;
            return  Convert.ToDouble(value);
        }
    }