数据结构:单链表 头尾插入,头尾删除,任意位置插入,任意位置删除

本小结中心思想

  主要是为了深入理解链表和熟练的对链表操作,在定义count时一定要初始化,即:int count  = 0;。

头结点和尾结点

1 在链表的任意位置

插入结点的操作中要把头结点和尾结点拿出来单独讨论

  假设头结点的位置为1,例如,链表数据:39 99 2  5 10,各个数字对应的位置是:1 2 3 4 5,五个数字,有六个空可以插入。在1位置插入数据9后链表数据为:9 39 99 2  5 10,也就是插入到39(position=1)的前面。

头结点:

 1 //如果在位置1处插入结点
 2 if (pHead == cur){
 3     temp->next = pHead;
 4     pHead = temp;
 5     temp->val = val;
 6     break;
 7 }
 8 else{
 9     temp->next = cur;
10     pNode->next = temp;
11     temp->val = val;
12     break;
13 }
View Code

  尾结点

1 if (pos == count + 1)
2     pNode->next = newNode(val);            
3 else if (pos > count + 1){
4     free(temp);
5     return false;
6 }
View Code

2 在删除链表的任意位置结点的操作中要把头结点拿出来单独讨论

 1 if (pos == count){
 2     if (pHead == cur){
 3         temp = pHead;
 4         pHead = temp->next;
 5         break;
 6     }
 7     else{
 8         pNode->next = cur->next;
 9         break;
10     }
11 
12 }
View Code

3 C++完整代码

  1 #include <vector>                                
  2 #include <algorithm>                
  3 #include <string.h>                 
  4 #include <iostream>   
  5 #include <stack>
  6 
  7 
  8 using namespace std;
  9 
 10 
 11 struct ListNode{
 12     int val;
 13     struct ListNode *next;
 14     ListNode(int x) :
 15         val(x), next(NULL){}
 16 };
 17 
 18 class Solution {
 19 public:
 20     //1. 初始化链表
 21     void InitNode(ListNode* pHead){
 22         pHead = NULL;
 23     }
 24 
 25     //打印链表,递归,
 26     void PrintNode(ListNode* pHead){
 27         if (pHead != NULL){
 28             cout << pHead->val << ' ';
 29             PrintNode(pHead->next);
 30         }
 31     }
 32 
 33     //2. 新建结点
 34     ListNode* newNode(int data){
 35         ListNode* pNode = (ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(ListNode));
 36         if (NULL == pNode)
 37             exit(-1);        
 38         pNode->val = data;
 39         pNode->next = NULL;
 40         return pNode;
 41     }
 42 
 43     //3. 在单链表的头部插入一个节点
 44     void PushFront(ListNode* &pHead, int data){
 45         ListNode* pNew = (ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(ListNode));
 46         pNew->val = data;
 47         pNew->next = NULL;
 48         if (pHead == NULL)
 49             pHead = pNew;
 50         else{
 51             pNew->next = pHead;
 52             pHead = pNew;
 53         }
 54     }
 55 
 56     //4. 在单链表的尾部插入一个节点
 57     void PushBack(ListNode* &pHead, int data){
 58         if (NULL == pHead)
 59             pHead = newNode(data);
 60         else{
 61             ListNode* node = pHead;
 62             while (node->next){
 63                 node = node->next;
 64             }
 65             node->next = newNode(data);
 66         }    
 67     }
 68 
 69     //5. 在任意位置插入数据
 70     bool Insert(ListNode* &pHead, int pos, int val){
 71         int count = 0;    //一定要对其初始化
 72         if (pos <= 0)
 73             return 0;
 74         else if (pHead == NULL){
 75             if (pos == 1){
 76                 ListNode* cur = (ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(ListNode));
 77                 cur->val = val;
 78                 cur->next = NULL;
 79                 pHead = cur;
 80             }
 81             else
 82                 return false;
 83         }
 84         else{
 85             ListNode* cur = pHead;
 86             ListNode* pNode = pHead;
 87             ListNode* temp = (ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(ListNode));
 88             while (cur != NULL){
 89                 ++count;
 90                 if (pos == count){
 91                     if (pHead == cur){
 92                         
 93                         temp->next = pHead;
 94                         pHead = temp;
 95                         temp->val = val;
 96                         break;
 97                     }
 98                     else{
 99                         temp->next = cur;
100                         pNode->next = temp;
101                         temp->val = val;
102                         break;
103                     }
104 
105                 }
106                 
107                 pNode = cur;
108                 cur = cur->next;
109                 
110             }
111             if (pos == count + 1)
112                 pNode->next = newNode(val);            
113             else if (pos > count + 1){
114                 free(temp);
115                 return false;
116             }        
117         }
118         return true;
119     }
120 
121 
122     //6. 删除链表的头结点
123     ListNode* DelFront(ListNode* &pHead){
124         if (pHead == NULL)
125             return NULL;
126         else if (pHead->next == NULL)
127             pHead = NULL;
128         else{
129             ListNode* pNode = pHead;
130             pHead = pNode->next;
131         }
132         return pHead;
133     }
134 
135 
136     //7. 删除尾结点
137     ListNode* DelBack(ListNode* &pHead){
138         ListNode* pre = pHead;
139         ListNode* cur = pHead;
140         if (pHead == NULL)
141             return NULL;
142         else if (pHead->next == NULL)
143             pHead = NULL;
144         while (cur->next){
145             pre = cur;
146             cur = cur->next;
147         }
148         pre->next = NULL;
149         return pHead;
150     }
151 
152     //7. 删除链表中的任意位置一个结点
153     bool Del(ListNode* &pHead, int pos){
154         int count = 0;    //一定要对其初始化
155         if (pos <= 0)
156             return 0;
157         else if (pHead == NULL){
158                 return false;
159         }
160         else{
161             ListNode* cur = pHead;
162             ListNode* pNode = pHead;
163             ListNode* temp = (ListNode*)malloc(sizeof(ListNode));
164             while (cur != NULL){
165                 ++count;
166                 if (pos == count){
167                     if (pHead == cur){
168                         temp = pHead;
169                         pHead = temp->next;
170                         break;
171                     }
172                     else{
173                         pNode->next = cur->next;
174                         break;
175                     }
176 
177                 }
178 
179                 pNode = cur;
180                 cur = cur->next;
181             }
182             if (pos > count){
183                 free(temp);
184                 return false;
185             }
186         }
187         return true;
188     }
189 
190     ListNode * ReverseList(ListNode* pHead){
191         ListNode* p = pHead;
192         ListNode* q = pHead;
193         stack<int> s;
194         while (p != NULL){
195             s.push(p->val);
196             p = p->next;
197         }
198         while (q != NULL){
199             q->val = s.top();
200             s.pop();
201             q = q->next;
202         }
203         return pHead;
204     }
205 
206 
207 };
208 
209 void test(){
210 
211     //ListNode* data;
212     Solution a;
213     ListNode* pHead = NULL;
214     a.InitNode(pHead);
215 
216     //新建结点
217     cout << "新建结点" << endl;
218     a.newNode(999);
219     a.PrintNode(pHead); cout << endl << endl;
220 
221     cout << "--------------------头部尾部插入数据创建链表-------------" << endl;
222     cout << "在单链表的头部插入一个节点" << endl;
223     a.PushFront(pHead, 100);
224     a.PushFront(pHead, 101);
225     a.PushFront(pHead, 102);
226     a.PushFront(pHead, 103);
227     a.PrintNode(pHead); cout << endl;
228 
229     cout << endl <<"在尾部添加结点" << endl;
230     a.PushBack(pHead, 2);
231     a.PushBack(pHead, 5);
232     a.PushBack(pHead, 3);
233     a.PushBack(pHead, 6);
234     a.PushBack(pHead, 1);
235     a.PrintNode(pHead); cout << endl;
236     cout << "-------------------头部尾部插入数据创建链表-------------" << endl << endl;
237 
238 
239     cout << endl << "----------------------任意位置插入-----------" << endl;
240     cout << "" << endl;
241     a.Insert(pHead, 1, 9999);
242     a.Insert(pHead, 1, 1111);
243     a.PrintNode(pHead); cout << endl;
244 
245     cout << "" << endl;
246     a.Insert(pHead, 2, 999);
247     a.PrintNode(pHead); cout << endl ;
248 
249     cout << "" << endl;
250     a.Insert(pHead, 13, 99);
251     a.PrintNode(pHead); 
252     cout << endl << "-----------------------任意位置插入-----------" << endl << endl;
253 
254 
255     cout  << "删除头结点" << endl;
256     a.DelFront(pHead);
257     a.PrintNode(pHead); cout << endl;
258 
259     cout << "删除尾结点" << endl;
260     a.DelBack(pHead);
261     a.PrintNode(pHead); cout << endl ;
262 
263     cout  << "删除任意位置的结点" << endl;
264     a.Del(pHead, 1);
265     a.PrintNode(pHead); cout << endl;
266     a.Del(pHead, 10);
267     a.PrintNode(pHead); cout << endl << endl;
268 
269 }
270 
271 int main() {
272 
273     test();
274 
275     system("pause");
276     return 0;
277 }
View Code

运行结果

 

 

还可以参考https://www.cnblogs.com/chenyingjie1207/p/10036923.html(知识点很多),继续学习

 参考资料

https://blog.csdn.net/m0_37925202/article/details/78187633

https://blog.csdn.net/Tina224243/article/details/52840387

https://www.cnblogs.com/chenyingjie1207/p/10036923.html(知识点很多)

 

posted @ 2019-09-03 17:19  wxwreal  阅读(1607)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报