DS博客作业01--日期抽象数据类型设计与实现
1.思维导图及学习体会
1.1第一章绪论知识点思维导图
1.2 学习体会
这次博客园和大作业是我在编程学习中的有意义的进步,第一次尝试使用vs,并且通过同学的一些网站的推荐,和热心同学的帮忙,简单学会用c++,并且在大作业中更好地掌握抽象数据类型。算是对数据结构学习良好的开端!
2.大作业作业内容
2.1 设计日期的ADT类型
ADT Date{
数据对象:
D = {year,month,day | year,month,day属于int类型}
数据关系:
R = {<year,month>,<month,day>}
数据操作:
Status InitDate(Date &date, int year, int month, int day);//构造三元组
string OutDate(Date date);//使时间以string类型输出
Status leepYear(DATE &date);//闰年判断
string week(DATE &date);//星期几
string englishName(DATE &date);//英文
string AddDay(DATE date,int addDay);//添加日期
char Compare(DATE &date, DATE &otherDate)//比较日期
}ADT Date
2.2.数据抽象:头文件
date.h
#include "common.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
typedef int * DATE;
Status InitDATE(DATE &date, int year, int mounth, int day);//操作结果:构造了三元组T,判断日期的合法性
string outDate(DATE &date);//字符型
Status leepYear(DATE &date);//闰年判断
string week(DATE &date);//星期几
string englishName(DATE &date);//英文
string AddDay(DATE date,int addDay);//添加日期
char Compare(DATE &date, DATE &otherDate);//比较
common.h
#pragma once
#define Ok 1;
#define Error 0;
#define Yes 1;
#define No -1;
#define O 0
typedef int Status;
2.3数据封装说明
(1)构造三元组:判断日期的合法性,记得要new一个。
Status InitDATE(DATE &date, int year, int mounth, int day)
{
int result=Ok;
date = new int [3];//动态分配
if (!date) exit(OVERFLOW);//防止运算上溢
date[0] = year; date[1] = mounth; date[2] = day;
if (year < 0) {
result = Error;
}
else {
if (mounth < 1 || mounth>12)
{
result = Error;
}
else {
if (leepYear(date) == 0)
{
if (day > 28 || day < 0) {
result = Error;
}
}
else if (leepYear(date) == 1)
{
if (day < 0 || day>29)
result = 0;
}
}
}
return result;
}
(2)以string形式输出时间:使用c++里面的语法,sprintf来连接成字符串然后输出
string outDate(DATE &date)
{
char str[50];
sprintf(str, "%d/%d/%d", date[0], date[1], date[2]);
return str;
}
(3)判断闰年:c语言那时候的题目
Status leepYear(DATE &date)
{
Status result;
if (date[0] % 4 == 0 && date[0] % 100 != 0 || date[0] % 400 == 0)
{
result = Ok;
}
else {
result = Error;
}
return result;
}
(4)判断周几:使用了公式,不然还真的是毫无头绪
string week(DATE &date)
{
int year = date[0];
int mounth = date[1];
int day = date[2];
if (mounth == 1 || mounth == 2) {
mounth += 12;
year--;
}
int iWeek = (day + 2 * mounth + 3 * (mounth + 1) / 5 + year + year/ 4 - year / 100 + year / 400) % 7;
switch (iWeek)
{
case 0: return "这个星期是星期一";
case 1: return "这个星期是星期二";
case 2: return "这个星期是星期三";
case 3: return "这个星期是星期四";
case 4: return "这个星期是星期五";
case 5: return "这个星期是星期六";
case 6: return "这个星期是星期日";
}
}
(5)英文字母:简单的switch
string englishName(DATE &date)
{
switch (date[1])
{
case 1:return "January";
case 2:return "February";
case 3:return "March";
case 4:return "April";
case 5:return "May";
case 6:return "June";
case 7:return "July";
case 8:return "Augest";
case 9:return "Septemper";
case 10:return "October";
case 11:return "November";
case 12:return "December";
}
}
(6)增加日期:设用两个数组,首先判断是否为闰年,二月份是两个数组不同的地方,然后通过要加的日子递减,来使日期递增,不要忘记每个月满日子,要归回1,并且月份增加,年也是同样的思想,月份记得只有十二个。
string AddDay(DATE date, int addDay)
{
int leepYear1[13] = {31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31,0};
int ordinaryYear1[13]= { 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31,0 };
if(leepYear(date)) {
do {
date[2]++;
if (date[2] > leepYear1[date[1] - 1])
{
date[1]++;
date[2] = 1;
if (date[1] > 12)//月满十二,年进一
{
date[0]++;
date[1] = 1;//月归1
}
}
addDay--;//递减
} while (addDay);
}
else {
do {
date[2]++;
if (date[2] > ordinaryYear1[date[1] - 1])
{
date[1]++;
date[2] = 1;
if (date[1] > 12)
{
date[0]++;
date[1] = 1;
}
}
addDay--;
} while (addDay);//平年也是如此
}
return outDate(date);
}
(7)比较日期:直接乘再加,让年月日的大小已经到达无法影响的时候,然后对比大小即可
char Compare(DATE &date, DATE &otherDate)
{
int dayOne = date[0] * 10000 + date[1] * 100 + date[2];
int dayTwo = otherDate[0] * 10000 + otherDate[1] * 100 + otherDate[2];
if (dayOne == dayTwo)
{
return '=';
}
else if (dayOne > dayTwo) {
return '>';
}else {
return '<';
}
}
(8)主函数:用c++读写文件,一定要记得关文件
int main()
{
DATE date, otherDate;
int year, mounth, day;
int otherYear, otherMounth, otherDay;
int addDay;
ifstream readFile;以读的方式
ofstream writeFile;以写的方式
readFile.open("input.txt", ios::in);
writeFile.open("output.txt",ios::out||ios::trunc);
do {
readFile >> year >> mounth >> day;//读取文件内容
if (InitDATE(date, year, mounth, day)) {
cout << outDate(date) << endl;
writeFile << outDate(date) << endl;
}
else {
cout << "日期不存在!" << endl;
}
if (leepYear(date) == 1)//判断闰平年
{
cout << "是闰年" << endl;
}
else {
cout << "不是闰年" << endl;
}
cout << week(date) << endl;;
cout << "你所要比较的日期:";
cin >> otherYear >> otherMounth >> otherDay;//输入比较的日期
if (InitDATE(otherDate, otherYear, otherMounth, otherDay))
cout << outDate(date) << Compare(date, otherDate) << outDate(otherDate) << endl;//输出比较结果
else {
cout << "比较的日期不合法呢" << endl;
}
cout << "你所要增加的天数是:";
cin >> addDay;
cout<<AddDay(date, addDay)<<endl;//输出添加日子后的日期
cout << endl;
} while (!readFile.eof());
readFile.close();//关文件
writeFile.close();//关文件
}
3.结果展示
4.调试碰到问题
1.没有动态分配,导致后面出现的时间是乱码
2.在vs中的文本文件放错地方,导致一直无法出现正确的文本日期
3.误以为<string.h>和
4.最重要的是vs还不会很熟练的使用,c++语法还是很陌生。