python接口自动化测试(三)-requests.post()

上一节介绍了 requests.get() 方法的基本使用，本节介绍 requests.post() 方法的使用：

本文目录：

一、方法定义

二、post方法简单使用

　　1、带数据的post

　　2、带header的post

　　3、带json的post

　　4、带参数的post

　　5、普通文件上传

　　6、定制化文件上传

　　7、多文件上传

一、方法定义：

1、到官方文档去了下requests.post()方法的定义，如下:

2、源码：

3、常用返回信息：

二、post方法简单使用：

1、带数据的post：

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-- coding:utf-8 --

import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"
url = ''.join([host,endpoint])
data = {'key1':'value1','key2':'value2'}

r = requests.post(url,data=data)

response = r.json()

print (r.text)
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输出：

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{
"args": {},
"data": "",
"files": {},
"form": {
"key1": "value1",
"key2": "value2"
},
"headers": {
"Accept": "/",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Connection": "close",
"Content-Length": "23",
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"
},
"json": null,
"origin": "183.14.133.88",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}
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2、带header的post：

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-- coding:utf-8 --

import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"

url = ''.join([host,endpoint])
headers = {"User-Agent":"test request headers"}

r = requests.post(url)

r = requests.post(url,headers=headers)

response = r.json()

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输出：

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{
"args": {},
"data": "",
"files": {},
"form": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "/",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Connection": "close",
"Content-Length": "0",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "test request headers"
},
"json": null,
"origin": "183.14.133.88",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}
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3、带json的post：

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-- coding:utf-8 --

import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"

url = ''.join([host,endpoint])
data = {
"sites": [
{ "name":"test" , "url":"www.test.com" },
{ "name":"google" , "url":"www.google.com" },
{ "name":"weibo" , "url":"www.weibo.com" }
]
}

r = requests.post(url,json=data)

r = requests.post(url,data=json.dumps(data))

response = r.json()
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输出：

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{
"args": {},
"data": "{"sites": [{"url": "www.test.com", "name": "test"}, {"url": "www.google.com", "name": "google"}, {"url": "www.weibo.com", "name": "weibo"}]}",
"files": {},
"form": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "/",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Connection": "close",
"Content-Length": "140",
"Content-Type": "application/json",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"
},
"json": {
"sites": [
{
"name": "test",
"url": "www.test.com"
},
{
"name": "google",
"url": "www.google.com"
},
{
"name": "weibo",
"url": "www.weibo.com"
}
]
},
"origin": "183.14.133.88",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}
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4、带参数的post：

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-- coding:utf-8 --

import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"

url = ''.join([host,endpoint])
params = {'key1':'params1','key2':'params2'}

r = requests.post(url)

r = requests.post(url,params=params)

response = r.json()

print (r.text)
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输出：

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{
"args": {
"key1": "params1",
"key2": "params2"
},
"data": "",
"files": {},
"form": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "/",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Connection": "close",
"Content-Length": "0",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"
},
"json": null,
"origin": "183.14.133.88",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/post?key2=params2&key1=params1"
}
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5、普通文件上传：

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-- coding:utf-8 --

import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"

url = ''.join([host,endpoint])

普通上传

files = {
'file':open('test.txt','rb')
}

r = requests.post(url,files=files)
print (r.text)
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输出：

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{
"args": {},
"data": "",
"files": {
"file": "hello world!\n"
},
"form": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "/",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Connection": "close",
"Content-Length": "157",
"Content-Type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=392865f79bf6431f8a53c9d56c62571e",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"
},
"json": null,
"origin": "183.14.133.88",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}
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6、定制化文件上传：

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-- coding:utf-8 --

import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"

url = ''.join([host,endpoint])

自定义文件名，文件类型、请求头

files = {
'file'😦'test.png',open('test.png','rb'),'image/png')
}

r = requests.post(url,files=files)
print (r.text)heman793
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输出比较在，就不帖了。

7、多文件上传：

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-- coding:utf-8 --

import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"

url = ''.join([host,endpoint])

多文件上传

files = [
('file1',('test.txt',open('test.txt', 'rb'))),
('file2', ('test.png', open('test.png', 'rb')))
]

r = requests.post(url,files=files)
print (r.text)
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输出上，太多内容，不帖了。

8、流式上传：

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-- coding:utf-8 --

import requests
import json

host = "http://httpbin.org/"
endpoint = "post"

url = ''.join([host,endpoint])

流式上传

with open( 'test.txt' ) as f:
r = requests.post(url,data = f)

print (r.text)
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输出：

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{
"args": {},
"data": "hello world!\n",
"files": {},
"form": {},
"headers": {
"Accept": "/",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
"Connection": "close",
"Content-Length": "13",
"Host": "httpbin.org",
"User-Agent": "python-requests/2.18.1"
},
"json": null,
"origin": "183.14.133.88",
"url": "http://httpbin.org/post"
}

作者：Glen.He
出处：http://www.cnblogs.com/puresoul/