java 核心编程——IO流之字符流(三)

1.字符流

  1.1 所有文件的存储都是字节的存储,我们日常在磁盘上保存的其实并不是文件的字符,而是先把字符转换成字节,再把这些字节储存到磁盘。在读取文件时,也是一个字节一个字节的读取,然后生成字节的序列。

  1.2 字节流可以处理任何对象,但是字符流呢,、只用来处理字符或者字符串。可以这样说,字节流呢,提供了最基本IO功能,可以处理任何IO操作,但是有一点,不可以直接处理Unicode字符,为什么呢,因为Unicode字符是一个单元为2个字节的字符,而字节流的处理单元为1个字节,字符流是由Java虚拟机将字节转化为2个字节的Unicode字符为单位的字符形成的。如果使用字节流直接处理Unicode字符的话,由于各种编码实现的不同,就很容易出现乱码。

  1.3实例上,我们日常处理的很多数据,都是文本,所以我们在字节流之外呢,又提出了字符流的概念,直接按照Java虚拟机的encode来处理,也就是在输出流和输入流之间 进行字符集的转换。

2.java字符流实现结构

  1.输入字符流

  2.输出字符流

  

3.字符流常用类

  3.1 字符数组输入输出流(CharArrayReader和CharArrayWriter

package se.io;

import com.sun.org.apache.xpath.internal.operations.String;

import java.io.CharArrayReader;
import java.io.CharArrayWriter;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CharArrayTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        char[] chars = new char[3];
        chars[0] = 100;
        chars[1] = 101;
        chars[2] = 102;

        CharArrayReader charArrayReader = new CharArrayReader(chars);
        try {
            char[] buf = new char[1024];
            charArrayReader.read(buf);

            CharArrayWriter charArrayWriter = new CharArrayWriter();
            charArrayWriter.write(buf);

            System.out.println(charArrayWriter.toString());
            charArrayWriter.close();
            charArrayReader.close();

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


    }


}

  3.2文件输入输出流(FileWriter和FileReader)

package se.io;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;

public class FileCharTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        try {
            FileReader fileReader = new FileReader("E:\\test\\data.txt");
            char[] chars = new char[1024];
            int i = fileReader.read(chars);

            FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter("E:\\test\\filewriter.txt");
            fileWriter.write(chars,0,i);

            fileWriter.close();
            fileReader.close();


        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

}

  3.3管道输入输出流(PipedReader 和 PipedWriter)

package se.io;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PipedReader;
import java.io.PipedWriter;

public class PipedChar {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SenderChar senderChar = new SenderChar();
        PipedWriter pipedWriter = senderChar.getWriter();

        ReceiverChar receiverChar = new ReceiverChar();
        PipedReader pipedReader =receiverChar.getReader();
        try {
            pipedWriter.connect(pipedReader);

            senderChar.start();
            receiverChar.start();

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}


//创建发送者类
class SenderChar extends Thread{
    private PipedWriter writer = new PipedWriter();

    public PipedWriter getWriter() {
        return writer;
    }

    public void run(){

        String s = new String("hello,world");
        try {
            writer.write(s);
            writer.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


    }
}
//创建接受者
class ReceiverChar extends  Thread{

    private PipedReader reader = new PipedReader();

    public PipedReader getReader() {
        return reader;
    }

    public  void run(){

        String s= null;
        char[] chars = new char[1024];

        try {
            int i = reader.read(chars);
            s = new String(chars,0,i);
            System.out.println(s);
            reader.close();

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

  3.4缓存输入输出流(BufferedReader 和BufferedWriter)

package se.io;

import java.io.*;

public class BufferWriterTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        try {

            //构建文件输入输出字符流,如果指定文件不存在,则自动生成。
            FileReader fileReader = new FileReader("E:\\test\\data.txt");
            FileWriter  fileWriter = new FileWriter("E:\\test\\data2.txt");

            //构建过滤缓存流
            BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(fileReader);
            BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(fileWriter);

            //缓存数组
            char[] chars = new char[1024];
            int offset = 0 ;

            //读取字符
            while(bufferedReader.ready()) {
                offset = bufferedReader.read(chars);
            }
            //输出字符
            bufferedWriter.write(chars,0,offset);

            //关闭流
            bufferedWriter.close();
            bufferedReader.close();

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }


    }

}

   3.5格式化输出流(PrinterWriter)

package se.io;

import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.FilterWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Date;

public class PrintWriterTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {


        try {
            //创建文件输出流
            FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter("E:\\test\\data3.txt");
            //创建格式化对象输出流
            PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(fileWriter);

            //写入数据
            printWriter.printf("%1$tY年%1$tm月%1$td日", new Date());
            printWriter.print(123);
            printWriter.print(12.32);
            //关闭流
            printWriter.close();

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

 

posted @ 2017-09-13 10:34  柳暗花明睡一觉  阅读(242)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报