O018、理解 Keystone 核心概念

 
作为OpenStack的基础支持服务,Keystone做了下面几件事情:
 
    1、管理用户及其权限
    2、维护 OpenStack Services 的 Endpoint
    3、Authentication(认证)和 Authorization(鉴权)
 
学习 Keystone,得理解这些概念:
 
 
User
 
User 指代任何使用OpenStack的实体,可以是真正的用户,其他系统或者服务。
 
 
当 User 请求访问 OpenStack时,Keystone会对其进行验证。Horizon 在 identity -> Users 管理 User
 
 
除了 admin 和 demo ,OpenStack也未 nova 、cinder 、glance、neutron 服务创建了对应 User。admin也可以管理这些User。
 
 
Credentials
 
Credentials 是User 用来证明自己身份的信息,可以是:
 
    1、用户名/密码
    2、Token
    3、API Key
    4、其他高级方式
 
 
Authorization
 
Authorization 是 Keystone验证 User 身份的过程。User访问OpenStack 时向 Keystone 提交用户名和密码形式的 Credentials,Keystone 验证通过后会给User 签发一个Token作为后续访问的Credentials。
 
 
Token
 
Token 是由数字和字母组成的字符串,User 成功Authorization 后 Keystone生成 Token 并分配给User。
 
    1、Token 用做访问Service 的Credentials
    2、Service会通过Keystone 验证Token的有效性
    3、Token的有效期默认是24小时
 
 
Project
 
Project 用于将OpenStack的资源(计算、存储和网络)进行分组和隔离。根据OpenStack服务对象的不同,Project可以是一个客户(公有云、也叫租户)、部门或者项目组(私有云)。
 
这里需要注意:
 
    1、资源的所有权是属于Project的,而不是User
    2、在OpenStack的界面和文档中,Tenant、Project、Account 这几个术语是通用的,但长期看会倾向于使用Project
    3、每个User(包括admin)必须挂载Project里才能访问该Project的资源。一个User可以属于多个Project
    4、admin 相当于root用户,具有最高权限
 
 
Horizon 在 Identity ->  Projects 中管理 Project
 
 
通过 Manage Members 将 User 添加到 Project
 
 
Service
 
OpenStack 的 Service 包括 Compute(Nova)、Block Storage(Cinder)、Object Storage(Swift)、Image Service(Glance)、Networking Service(Neutron)等。每个 Service都会提供若干个 Endpoint,User 通过 Endpoint 访问资源和执行操作。
 
 
Endpoint
 
Endpoint 是一个网络上可以访问的地址,通常是一个URL。Service 通过Endpoint暴露自己的API。Keystone 负责管理和维护每个 Service 的Endpoint。
 
 
可以使用下面的命令来查看 Endpoint
 
root@DevStack-Controller:~# su - stack
 
stack@DevStack-Controller:~$ source devstack/openrc admin admin
WARNING: setting legacy OS_TENANT_NAME to support cli tools.
stack@DevStack-Controller:~$ openstack catalog list
+-------------+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Name        | Type           | Endpoints                                                                |
+-------------+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| nova_legacy | compute_legacy | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   internal: http://10.12.31.241:8774/v2/c2b9e5f4a15d43218f3fca6e13c49a3a |
|             |                | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   admin: http://10.12.31.241:8774/v2/c2b9e5f4a15d43218f3fca6e13c49a3a    |
|             |                | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   public: http://10.12.31.241:8774/v2/c2b9e5f4a15d43218f3fca6e13c49a3a   |
|             |                |                                                                          |
| nova        | compute        | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   public: http://10.12.31.241:8774/v2.1                                  |
|             |                | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   admin: http://10.12.31.241:8774/v2.1                                   |
|             |                | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   internal: http://10.12.31.241:8774/v2.1                                |
|             |                |                                                                          |
| placement   | placement      | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   admin: http://10.12.31.241/placement                                   |
|             |                | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   public: http://10.12.31.241/placement                                  |
|             |                | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   internal: http://10.12.31.241/placement                                |
|             |                |                                                                          |
| neutron     | network        | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   internal: http://10.12.31.241:9696/                                    |
|             |                | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   admin: http://10.12.31.241:9696/                                       |
|             |                | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   public: http://10.12.31.241:9696/                                      |
|             |                |                                                                          |
| cinder      | volume         | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   public: http://10.12.31.241:8776/v1/c2b9e5f4a15d43218f3fca6e13c49a3a   |
|             |                | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   internal: http://10.12.31.241:8776/v1/c2b9e5f4a15d43218f3fca6e13c49a3a |
|             |                | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   admin: http://10.12.31.241:8776/v1/c2b9e5f4a15d43218f3fca6e13c49a3a    |
|             |                |                                                                          |
| cinderv2    | volumev2       | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   internal: http://10.12.31.241:8776/v2/c2b9e5f4a15d43218f3fca6e13c49a3a |
|             |                | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   public: http://10.12.31.241:8776/v2/c2b9e5f4a15d43218f3fca6e13c49a3a   |
|             |                | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   admin: http://10.12.31.241:8776/v2/c2b9e5f4a15d43218f3fca6e13c49a3a    |
|             |                |                                                                          |
| glance      | image          | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   admin: http://10.12.31.241:9292                                        |
|             |                | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   public: http://10.12.31.241:9292                                       |
|             |                | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   internal: http://10.12.31.241:9292                                     |
|             |                |                                                                          |
| keystone    | identity       | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   public: http://10.12.31.241/identity                                   |
|             |                | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   admin: http://10.12.31.241/identity_admin                              |
|             |                | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   internal: http://10.12.31.241/identity                                 |
|             |                |                                                                          |
| cinderv3    | volumev3       | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   admin: http://10.12.31.241:8776/v3/c2b9e5f4a15d43218f3fca6e13c49a3a    |
|             |                | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   internal: http://10.12.31.241:8776/v3/c2b9e5f4a15d43218f3fca6e13c49a3a |
|             |                | RegionOne                                                                |
|             |                |   public: http://10.12.31.241:8776/v3/c2b9e5f4a15d43218f3fca6e13c49a3a   |
|             |                |                                                                          |
+-------------+----------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
 
Role
 
安全包含两部分:Authentication(认证)和Authorization(鉴权)
 
Authentication    解决“你是谁”的问题
Authorization      解决“你能干什么的”的问题
 
Keystone 借助 Role 实现 Authorization
 
stack@DevStack-Controller:~$ openstack role list
+----------------------------------+---------------+
| ID                               | Name          |
+----------------------------------+---------------+
| 27b9f9c4662f43c3b7105e850c379178 | ResellerAdmin |
| 3f30d75f5f36462188912589b6836845 | admin         |
| 4449fc37d1ca4553b01aeb13a9ade335 | service       |
| 7eaba228090b4b9085b3ae6dd5350779 | anotherrole   |
| 9fe2ff9ee4384b1894a90878d3e92bab | _member_      |
| ac26bf535bec47549f8da39809fc79a4 | Member        |
+----------------------------------+---------------+
 
    1、Keystone定义 Role
    2、可以为 User 分配一个或者多个 Role ,Horizon的菜单为 Identity -> Project -> Manage Members 
 
 
    3、Service 决定每个Role 能做什么事情。Service 通过各自的 policy.json 文件对 Role 进行访问控制。下面是 Nova 服务的json文件
 
cat /etc/nova/policy.json
 
 
上面配置的含义是:对于 create、attach_network 和 attach_volume 操作,任何 Role 的User 都可以执行; 但只有admin 这个Role 的User 才能执行 forced_host 操作。
 
OpenStack 默认配置只区分 admin  和 非admin Role。如果需要对特定的Role 进行授权,可以修改 policy.json 。
 
 
posted @ 2019-05-22 22:33  三角形  阅读(391)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报