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多线程在各种编程语言中都是难点,很多语言中实现起来很麻烦,objective-c虽然源于c,但其多线程编程却相当简单,可以与java相媲美。这篇文章主要从线程创建与启动、线程的同步与锁、线程的交互、线程池等等四个方面简单的讲解一下iphone中的多线程编程。
一、线程创建与启动
线程创建主要有二种方式:- (id)init; // designated initializer
- (id)initWithTarget:(id)target selector:(SEL)selector object:(id)argument;

当然,还有一种比较特殊,就是使用所谓的convenient method,这个方法可以直接生成一个线程并启动它,而且无需为线程的清理负责。这个方法的接口是:

+ (void)detachNewThreadSelector:(SEL)aSelector toTarget:(id)aTarget withObject:(id)anArgument

前两种方法创建后,需要手机启动,启动的方法是:

- (void)start;

二、线程的同步与锁
要说明线程的同步与锁,最好的例子可能就是多个窗口同时售票的售票系统了。我们知道在java中,使用synchronized来同步,而iphone虽然没有提供类似java下的synchronized关键字,但提供了NSCondition对象接口。查看NSCondition的接口说明可以看出,NSCondition是iphone下的锁对象,所以我们可以使用NSCondition实现iphone中的线程安全。这是来源于网上的一个例子:
SellTicketsAppDelegate.h 文件

// SellTicketsAppDelegate.h
import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

@interface SellTicketsAppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> {
int tickets;
int count;
NSThread* ticketsThreadone;
NSThread* ticketsThreadtwo;
NSCondition* ticketsCondition;
UIWindow *window;
}
@property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UIWindow *window;
@end

SellTicketsAppDelegate.m 文件

// SellTicketsAppDelegate.m
import "SellTicketsAppDelegate.h"

@implementation SellTicketsAppDelegate
@synthesize window;

- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application {
tickets = 100;
count = 0;
// 锁对象
ticketCondition = [[NSCondition alloc init;
ticketsThreadone = [[NSThread alloc initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil;
[ticketsThreadone setName:@"Thread-1";
[ticketsThreadone start;


ticketsThreadtwo = [[NSThread alloc initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil;
[ticketsThreadtwo setName:@"Thread-2";
[ticketsThreadtwo start;
//[NSThread detachNewThreadSelectorselector(run) toTarget:self withObject:nil];
// Override point for customization after application launch
[window makeKeyAndVisible;

}

- (void)run{
while (TRUE) {
// 上锁
[ticketsCondition lock;
if(tickets > 0){
[NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:0.5;
count = 100 - tickets;
NSLog(@"当前票数是:%d,售出:%d,线程名:%@",tickets,count,[[NSThread currentThread name);
tickets--;
}else{
break;
}
[ticketsCondition unlock;
}
}

- (void)dealloc {
[ticketsThreadone release;
[ticketsThreadtwo release;
[ticketsCondition release;
[window release;
[super dealloc;
}
@end

三、线程的交互
线程在运行过程中,可能需要与其它线程进行通信,如在主线程中修改界面等等,可以使用如下接口:

- (void)performSelectorOnMainThread:(SEL)aSelector withObject:(id)arg waitUntilDone:(BOOL)wait

由于在本过程中,可能需要释放一些资源,则需要使用NSAutoreleasePool来进行管理,如:

- (void)startTheBackgroundJob {
NSAutoreleasePool *pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc init;
// to do something in your thread job
...
[self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(makeMyProgressBarMoving) withObject:nil waitUntilDone:NO;
[pool release;
}

本文转自www.35java.com

posted on 2011-01-03 19:26  老男孩咖啡  阅读(334)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报