工厂方法模式

工厂方法模式（Factory Method Pattern），是简单工厂模式的扩展，其英文原话是"Define an interface for creating an object,but let the subclasses decide which class to instantiate.Factory Method lets a class defer instantiation to subclasses"，翻译是：定义一个创建对象的借口，但是让子类来觉得该实例化那个类。工厂方法让一个类推迟实例化至它的子类中。工厂方法模式有四个角色：

抽象工厂（Creator）角色：这是工厂方法模式的核心，定义了创建产品的方法。与应用系统无关。具体工厂角色必须实现这个接口才能创建对象。

具体工厂（Concrete Creator）角色：实现了抽象工厂角色的接口，含有与应用密切相关的逻辑，并且接受应用程序的调用以创建产品对象。

抽象产品（Product）角色：定义了产品的共性，实现对产品最抽象的定义。

具体产品（Concrete Product）角色：实现抽象产品角色的接口。工厂方法所创建的对象就是该角色的实例。

工厂方法模其类图如下：

                                                                   

抽象工厂的代码模式：

 

public interface Creator{
    //这就是工厂方法，提供具体产品的类对象即可创建产品；
    public <T extends Product> T factory(Class<T> c);
}

抽象产品的代码模式：

 

 

public interface Product{
    //产品的公共方法
    public void method1();
    public void method2();
}

 

具体工厂的代码模式：

 

public class ConcreteCreator implements Creator{

    //具体工厂生产的具体产品
    Product product = null;
    @Override
    public <T extends Product> T factory(Class<T> c) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        //生产出产品
        product = (Product) Class.forName(c.getName()).newInstance();
        //或这样
        //product = c.newInstance();
        return (T)product;
    }
}

 

 

具体产品的代码模式：

 

public class ConcreteProduct implements Product{

    @Override
    public void method1() {
        //do somthing
    }

    @Override
    public void method2() {
        //do something
    }
}

 

下面通过一个demo，来展示下工厂方法模式的应用；该例子是工厂生产水果的例子，首先需要一个抽象工厂Factory和抽象水果Fruit，Factory定义了生产水果的方法，Fruit定义了水果的共性；然后再由具体的工厂生产具体的水果，如AppleFactory（implements Factory）生产Apple（implements Fruit）；GrapeFactory（implements Factory）生产Grape（implements Fruit），下面上代码。

Factory类：

 

//抽象工厂，定义了生产产品的接口；
public interface Factory {
    /**
     * @param c 具体产品的Class对象；
     * @return 返回产品的父类，具体工厂调用得到产品时需要转型；
     */
    public Fruit factory(Class c);
}

 

Fruit类：

 

//抽象产品，定义了产品的共性；
public interface Fruit {
    public void plant();
    public void grow();
    public void harvest();
}

 

AppleFactory类：

 

//具体工厂，生产具体的产品，AppleFactory生产Apple
public class AppleFactory implements Factory {

    @Override
    public Apple factory(Class c) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        try {
            //生产苹果
            Apple apple = (Apple)Class.forName(c.getName()).newInstance();
            //或这样 Apple apple = (Apple) c.newInstance();
            apple.setTreeAge(0);
            return apple;
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

GrapeFactory类：

 

 

public class GrapeFactory implements Factory {

    @Override
    public Grape factory(Class c) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        try {
            Grape grape = (Grape)Class.forName(c.getName()).newInstance();
            //或这样 Grape grape = (Grape) c.newInstance();
            grape.setSeedless(true);
            grape.setTreeAge(0);
            return grape;
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

Apple类：

 

 

//具体产品
public class Apple implements Fruit {

    private int treeAge;

    @Override
    public void plant() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("Apple Tree is planted");
    }

    @Override
    public void grow() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("Apple Tree is growing");
    }

    @Override
    public void harvest() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("Apple Tree is harvesting");
    }

    /**
     * @return the treeAge
     */
    public int getTreeAge() {
        return treeAge;
    }

    /**
     * @param treeAge the treeAge to set
     */
    public void setTreeAge(int treeAge) {
        this.treeAge = treeAge;
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see java.lang.Object#toString()
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Apple [treeAge=" + treeAge + "]";
    }
}

Grape类：

 

 

//具体产品
public class Grape implements Fruit {

    boolean seedless;
    private int treeAge;
    @Override
    public void plant() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("Grape is palnted");
    }

    @Override
    public void grow() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("Grape is growing");
    }

    @Override
    public void harvest() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.out.println("Grape is harvesting");
    }

    /**
     * @return the seedless
     */
    public boolean isSeedless() {
        return seedless;
    }

    /**
     * @return the treeAge
     */
    public int getTreeAge() {
        return treeAge;
    }

    /**
     * @param seedless the seedless to set
     */
    public void setSeedless(boolean seedless) {
        this.seedless = seedless;
    }

    /**
     * @param treeAge the treeAge to set
     */
    public void setTreeAge(int treeAge) {
        this.treeAge = treeAge;
    }

    /* (non-Javadoc)
     * @see java.lang.Object#toString()
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Grape [seedless=" + seedless + ", treeAge=" + treeAge + "]";
    }

}

主方法入口类FactoryMethodTest：

 

 

public class FactoryMethodTest {

    /**
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        //生产产品的工厂，以父类引用标示；或者也可以分别定义GrapeFactory和AppleFactory，这样fac.factory()这句就不用转型了；
        Factory fac ;
        //具体产品
        Apple apple;
        Grape grape;
        fac = new AppleFactory();
        //Apple的Class对象传给factory方法；
        apple = (Apple) fac.factory(Apple.class);
        System.out.println(apple);
        apple.plant();
        apple.grow();
        apple.harvest();

        fac = new GrapeFactory();
        grape = (Grape)fac.factory(Grape.class);
        System.out.println(grape);
        grape.plant();
        grape.grow();
        grape.harvest();
    }
}

运行结果：

 

Apple [treeAge=0]
Apple Tree is planted
Apple Tree is growing
Apple Tree is harvesting
Grape [seedless=true, treeAge=0]
Grape is palnted
Grape is growing
Grape is harvesting

总结：

工厂方法模式就是由具体的工厂生产具体的产品，当增加新产品时，只需增加一个新工厂即可。

转自：http://blog.csdn.net/liruikqn/article/details/12885491