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Elastic Stack:es 索引index入门

一.索引操作

直接put数据 PUT index/_doc/1,es会自动生成索引,并建立动态映射dynamic mapping。

在生产上,我们需要自己手动建立索引和映射,为了更好地管理索引。就像数据库的建表语句一样。

创建索引语法:

PUT /index
{
    "settings": { ... any settings ... },
    "mappings": {
       "properties" : {
            "field1" : { "type" : "text" }
        }
    },
    "aliases": {
    	"default_index": {}
  } 
}

 举例:

PUT /my_index
{
  "settings": {
    "number_of_shards": 1,
    "number_of_replicas": 1
  },
  "mappings": {
    "properties": {
      "field1":{
        "type": "text"
      },
      "field2":{
        "type": "text"
      }
    }
  },
  "aliases": {
    "default_index": {}
  } 
}

查询索引:

GET /my_index/_mapping
GET /my_index/_setting

修改副本数:

PUT /my_index/_settings
{
    "index" : {
        "number_of_replicas" : 2
    }
}

 删除索引:

DELETE /my_index

DELETE /my_index*

为了安全起见,防止恶意删除索引,删除时必须指定索引名:在elasticsearch.yml配置:action.destructive_requires_name: true

二.定制分词器

默认分词器:

standard

分词三个组件:

  character filter:在一段文本进行分词之前,先进行预处理

  tokenizer:分词

  token filter:对词标准化,lowercase,stop word,synonymom

standard tokenizer:以单词边界进行切分

standard token filter:什么都不做

lowercase token filter:将所有字母转换为小写

stop token filer(默认被禁用):移除停用词,比如a the it等等

 

启用english停用词token filter

PUT /my_index
{
  "settings": {
    "analysis": {
      "analyzer": {
        "es_std": {
          "type": "standard",
          "stopwords": "_english_"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

 定制化自己的分词器

PUT /my_index
{
  "settings": {
    "analysis": {
      "char_filter": {
        "&_to_and": {
          "type": "mapping",
          "mappings": ["&=> and"]
        }
      },
      "filter": {
        "my_stopwords": {
          "type": "stop",
          "stopwords": ["the", "a"]
        }
      },
      "analyzer": {
        "my_analyzer": {
          "type": "custom",
      #三个组件都可以定制 "char_filter": ["html_strip", "&_to_and"], "tokenizer": "standard", "filter": ["lowercase", "my_stopwords"] } } } } }

 三.定制dynamic mapping

true:遇到陌生字段,就进行dynamic mapping

false:新检测到的字段将被忽略。这些字段将不会被索引,因此将无法搜索,但仍将出现在返回点击的源字段中。这些字段不会添加到映射中,必须显式添加新字段。

strict:遇到陌生字段,就报错

创建mapping时:

PUT /my_index
{
    "mappings": {
      "dynamic": "strict",
       "properties": {
        "title": {
          "type": "text"
        },
        "address": {
          "type": "object",
          "dynamic": "true"
        }
	}
    }
}

date_detection:日期探测,默认会按照一定格式识别date,yyyy-MM-dd,如果有需要,自己手动指定某个field为date类型

numeric_detection:数字探测,默认不开启

定制自己的dynamic mapping template:

PUT /my_index
{
    "mappings": {
            "dynamic_templates": [
                { 
                  "en": {
                      "match":              "*_en", 
                      "match_mapping_type": "string",
                      "mapping": {
                          "type":           "text",
                          "analyzer":       "english"
                      }
                }                  
            }
        ]
	}
}
posted @ 2020-06-10 10:40  秋风飒飒吹  阅读(482)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报