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Spring 依赖注入

Spring框架的核心功能之一就是通过依赖注入的方式来管理Bean之间的依赖关系。

 

1、属性注入

IService:

1 public interface IUserService {
2     /*
3      * 说话
4      */
5     void Say(String msg);
6 }
View Code

ServiceImp

 1 public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {
 2 
 3     private IUserDao iUserDao;
 4     
 5     public void setUserDao(IUserDao dao) {
 6         this.iUserDao=dao;
 7     }
 8     
 9     /*
10      * 说话
11      */
12     public void Say(String msg) {
13         this.iUserDao.Say(msg);
14     }
15 }
View Code

IDao

1 public interface IUserDao {    
2      /*
3       * 说话
4       */
5      void Say(String msg);    
6  }
View Code

DaoImp

1 public class UserDaoImpl implements IUserDao {
2     /*
3      * 说话
4      */
5     public void Say(String msg) {
6         System.out.println(msg);
7     }
8 }
View Code

Bean:

 1 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 2     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 3     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 4     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">     
 5      
 6      <bean id="userServerId" class="serviceImpl.UserServiceImpl">
 7          <!-- 此处是set属性注入,name值必须和UserServiceImpl中属性名一致 -->
 8          <property name="userDao" ref="userDaoId"></property>
 9      </bean>     
10 </beans>
View Code

测试输出:

1 public class MainShow {
2     public static void main(String[] args) {
3         System.out.println("开始执行。。。");
4         
5         ApplicationContext context=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("resources/beans.xml");
6         IUserService idog=(IUserService)context.getBean("userServerId");
7         idog.Say("汪汪汪。。。");
8     }
9 }
View Code

2、构造注入

IService:

1 public interface IDogService {
2      /*
3       * 叫
4       */
5      void Call(String msg);
6  }
View Code

ServiceImp:

 1 public class DogServiceImpl implements IDogService {
 2 
 3     private IDogDao idogdao;
 4     
 5     public DogServiceImpl(DogDaoImpl dogDao) {
 6         System.out.println("开始构造注入.....");
 7         this.idogdao=dogDao;
 8     }
 9 
10     /*
11      * 叫声
12      */
13     public void Call(String msg) {
14         idogdao.Call(msg);
15     }
16 }
View Code

IDao:

1 public interface IDogDao {
2      /*
3       * 叫
4       */
5      void Call(String msg);
6  }
View Code

DaoImp:

1 public class DogDaoImpl implements IDogDao {
2     
3     public void Call(String msg) {
4         System.out.println("汪汪汪:"+msg);
5     }
6 }
View Code

Bean:

 1 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 2     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 3     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 4     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
 5          
 6     <!-- 构造注入 -->
 7     <bean id="dogId" class="serviceImpl.DogServiceImpl">
 8         <constructor-arg ref="dogDao"/>
 9     </bean>
10     
11     <bean id="dogDao" class="daoImpl.DogDaoImpl"></bean>    
12 </beans>
View Code

3、内部注入

 

IService:

1 public interface ICarService {
2     /*
3      * 汽车启动
4      */
5     void Start();
6 }
View Code

ServiceImp: 

 1     private ICarDao idao;
 2 
 3     public void setIdao(CarDaoImpl impl) {
 4         this.idao = impl;
 5     }
 6     
 7     public void Start() {
 8         idao.Start();
 9     }    
10 }
View Code

IDao:

1 public interface ICarDao {
2     /*
3      * 汽车启动
4      */
5     void Start();
6 }
View Code

DaoImp: 

1 public class CarDaoImpl implements ICarDao {    
2     
3     public void Start() {
4         System.out.println("汽车开始启动。。。。。。");
5     }
6 }
View Code

Bean:

 1 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 2     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 3     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 4     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
 5 
 6     <!-- 内部注入 -->
 7     <bean id="carId" class="serviceImpl.CarServiceImpl">
 8         <property name="idao">
 9             <bean class="daoImpl.CarDaoImpl"></bean>
10         </property>
11     </bean>    
12 </beans> 
View Code

4、自动装配

在Spring框架,可以用 auto-wiring 功能会自动装配Bean。要启用它,只需要在 <bean> 定义“autowire”属性。
<beans/> 标签可以定义 default-autowire-candidate="false" 属性让它和它包含的所有 bean 都不做为候选bean。
1 <bean id="customer" class="com.yiibai.common.Customer" autowire="byName" />
在Spring中,支持 5 自动装配模式。
  • no – 缺省情况下,自动配置是通过“ref”属性手动设定
  • byName – 根据属性名称自动装配。如果一个bean的名称和其他bean属性的名称是一样的,将会自装配它。
  • byType – 按数据类型自动装配。如果一个bean的数据类型是用其它bean属性的数据类型,兼容并自动装配它。
  • constructor – 在构造函数参数的byType方式。
  • autodetect – 如果找到默认的构造函数,使用“自动装配用构造”; 否则,使用“按类型自动装配”。

ServiceImp: 

 1 public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {
 2 
 3     private IUserDao userDao;
 4     
 5     public void setUserDao(UserDaoImpl dao) {
 6         this.userDao=dao;
 7     }
 8     
 9     /*
10      * 说话
11      */
12     public void Say(String msg) {
13         this.userDao.Say(msg);
14     }
15 }
View Code

IDao:

1 public interface IUserDao {    
2     /*
3      * 说话
4      */
5     void Say(String msg);    
6 }
View Code

DaoImp: 

1 public class UserDaoImpl implements IUserDao {
2     /*
3      * 说话
4      */
5     public void Say(String msg) {
6         System.out.println(msg);
7     }
8 }
View Code

通常情况下,进行明确的装配目标 Bean

 1 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 2     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 3     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 4     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
 5      
 6      
 7      <bean id="userServerId" class="serviceImpl.UserServiceImpl">
 8          <!-- 此处是set属性注入,name值必须和UserServiceImpl中属性名一致 -->
 9          <property name="userDao" ref="userDaoId"></property>
10      </bean>
11      
12      <bean id="userDaoId" class="daoImpl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
13 </beans> 
View Code

1、由类型 (Type) 自动装配:

1 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
2     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
3     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
4     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
5 
6     <!-- Type自动装配注入 -->
7     <bean id="userServerId" class="serviceImpl.UserServiceImpl" autowire="byType"/>
8     <bean id="userDaoId" class="daoImpl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>     
9 </beans>

2、由类型 (Name) 自动装配:

1 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
2     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
3     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
4     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
5 
6     <!-- Name 自动装配注入 -->
7     <bean id="userServerId" class="serviceImpl.UserServiceImpl" autowire="byName"/>
8     <bean id="userDao" class="daoImpl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>     
9 </beans> 

3、构造函数自动装配:

ServiceImp: 

 1 public class DogServiceImpl implements IDogService {
 2 
 3     private IDogDao idogdao;
 4     
 5     public DogServiceImpl(DogDaoImpl dogDao) {
 6         System.out.println("开始构造注入.....");
 7         this.idogdao=dogDao;
 8     }
 9 
10     /*
11      * 叫声
12      */
13     public void Call(String msg) {
14         idogdao.Call(msg);
15     }
16 }
View Code

IDao:

1 public interface IDogDao {
2     /*
3      * 叫
4      */
5     void Call(String msg);
6 }
View Code

DaoImp: 

1 public class DogDaoImpl implements IDogDao {
2     
3     public void Call(String msg) {
4         System.out.println("狗叫:"+msg);
5     }
6 }
View Code

通常情况下,使用构造注入Bean,配置如下:

 1 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
 2     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 3     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
 4     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
 5 
 6     <!-- 构造注入 -->
 7     <bean id="dogId" class="serviceImpl.DogServiceImpl">
 8         <constructor-arg ref="dogDao"/>
 9     </bean>    
10     <bean id="dogDao" class="daoImpl.DogDaoImpl"></bean>    
11 </beans> 

自动装配用构造函数启用后,你可以不设置构造器属性。Spring会找到兼容的数据类型,并自动装配它。

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

     <!-- Constructor  构造自动装配 -->
     <bean id="dogId" class="serviceImpl.DogServiceImpl" autowire="constructor"/>
     <!-- 有无Id都可以 -->    
    <bean id="dogDaos" class="daoImpl.DogDaoImpl"></bean>     
</beans> 

 

posted on 2019-04-09 21:44  夜、微凉  阅读(1426)  评论(0编辑  收藏  举报